An electronic device that provides a stable DC power supply to the load. The power supply of the DC stabilized power supply is mostly AC power. When the voltage or load resistance of the AC power supply changes, the DC output voltage of the regulator will remain stable. With the development of high-precision, high-stability and high-reliability of electronic equipment, DC stabilized power supply places high demands on the power supply of electronic equipment.

People in today's society greatly enjoy the convenience brought by electronic devices, but any electronic device has a common circuit - the power circuit. From supercomputers to small pocket calculators, all electronic devices must be supported by power circuits to function properly. Of course, the style and complexity of these power circuits vary widely. The power circuit of a supercomputer is itself a complex power system. Through this power system, all parts of the supercomputer are able to obtain a power supply that is consistently stable and meets various complex specifications. The pocket calculator is a simple battery power circuit. But you should not underestimate this battery power circuit, the newer circuit is fully equipped with advanced functions such as battery energy reminder and power failure protection. It can be said that the power supply circuit is the basis of all electronic devices, and there is no such a large variety of electronic devices without the power supply circuit.

Due to the characteristics of electronic technology, the requirements of the electronic equipment for the power supply circuit are to provide continuous and stable power to meet the load requirements, and generally require stable DC power. The power supply that provides this stable DC power is the DC regulated power supply. DC regulated power supplies play an important role in power technology. In addition, many electronic enthusiasts first encountered in the beginner stage to solve the power problem, otherwise the circuit can not work, electronic production can not be carried out, learning can not talk about.

There are many classification methods for regulated power supply. According to the type of output power supply, there are DC regulated power supply and AC stabilized power supply; according to the connection mode of the voltage regulator circuit and the load DC stabilized power supply, there are series regulated power supply and parallel regulated power supply; According to the working state of the adjusting tube, there are linear regulated power supply and switching regulated power supply; according to the circuit type, there are simple regulated power supply and feedback type regulated power supply, and so on. Such a wide variety of classifications often make beginners puzzled and don't know where to start. In fact, it should be said that there are certain hierarchical relationships between these seemingly numerous classification methods. As long as the level is clarified, it is natural to distinguish the types of power sources.

Since we are talking about the classification of regulated power supplies, we should first understand what the output of the power supply is, whether it is output DC or output AC. So the first level comes out, first of all should be classified according to the output type of the power supply. The next classification is troublesome. Is it classified according to the connection mode of the voltage regulator circuit and the load or the working state of the adjustment tube? In fact, knowing the electronic devices around us will find that there are two very different types of regulated power supplies in practical applications. One is a linear regulated power supply widely used in various relatively simple electronic devices, such as radios, small stereos, etc. One is a widely used switching regulator power supply in various complex electronic devices, such as large-screen color TVs, microcomputers, and the like. It seems that the classification of the second level can be classified according to the working state of the adjustment tube. The next level of classification is based on how the regulator circuit is connected to the load. Further subdividing, because the various circuit characteristics are too different, it is not easy to generalize, and should be classified according to the characteristics of each specific category.

DC regulated power supplies can be divided into chemical power supplies, linear stable power supplies and switch-type stable power supplies according to their habits. They are also available in different types:

Chemical power supply

The dry batteries, lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride, and lithium-ion batteries that we usually use belong to this category, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. With the development of science and technology, intelligent batteries have been produced; in terms of rechargeable battery materials, American developers have discovered an iodide of manganese, which can be used to make cheap, compact, and discharge time, and maintain performance after repeated charging. Good environmentally friendly rechargeable battery.

Linear regulated power supply

A common feature of the linear regulated power supply is that its power device regulating tube operates in the linear region and stabilizes the output by adjusting the voltage drop between the tubes. Due to the large static loss of the adjustment tube, a large heat sink needs to be installed to dissipate heat. Moreover, since the transformer works at the power frequency (50 Hz), the weight is large.

The advantages of this type of power supply are high stability, small ripple, high reliability, easy to make multi-channel, and output continuously adjustable finished products. The disadvantages are large size, cumbersome and relatively inefficient. There are many kinds of stable power supplies of this kind, and the output properties can be divided into a regulated power supply and a steady current power supply, and a regulated steady current (stable) power supply that integrates regulation and steady flow. From the output value point of view, it can be divided into fixed point output power, band switch adjustment and potentiometer continuously adjustable. From the output indication, the pointer indication type and the digital display type can be divided.

Switching type DC regulated power supply

A class of stable power supplies that are different from linear regulated power supplies are switching DC regulated power supplies. The circuit types are mainly single-ended flyback, single-ended forward, half-bridge, push-pull and full-bridge. The fundamental difference between it and the linear power supply is that it does not work at the power frequency but works at tens of kilohertz to several megahertz. The function tube does not work in the saturation and cut-off area, that is, the switching state; the switching power supply is named after it.

The advantages of the switching power supply are small size, light weight, stable and reliable; the disadvantage is relatively large compared to the linear power supply (generally ≤ 1% VO (PP), good can achieve more than ten mV (PP) or less) . Its power can be from a few watts to several kilowatts. The price is 3 yuan - more than 10 million yuan / watt, the following general classification of the introduction of several switching power supply:

1AC/DC power supply

This kind of power supply is also called primary power supply. It takes energy from the grid and obtains a DC high voltage through high voltage rectification and filtering. The DC/DC converter obtains one or several stable DC voltages at the output, and the power is from several watts to several kilowatts. There are products for different occasions. These products have a wide range of specifications and models. The primary power supply (AC220 input, DC48V or 24V output) in the communication power supply is also the case.

2 DC/DC power supply

Also known in the communication system as a secondary power source, it is provided with a DC input voltage from a primary power supply or a DC battery pack, and one or several DC voltages are obtained at the output after DC/DC conversion.

3 communication power supply

The communication power supply is essentially a DC/DC converter type power supply, but it is generally powered by DC-48V or -24V, and uses a backup battery as a backup for DC power supply, converting the DC supply voltage into the working voltage of the circuit, generally it It is divided into three types: central power supply, layered power supply and single board power supply. The latter has the highest reliability.

4 radio power supply

The radio power input AC220V/110V, the output DC13.8V, the power is determined by the power of the power supply station, several amps and hundreds of amps have products. In order to prevent the AC power grid from affecting the radio work, a battery pack is required as a backup. Therefore, in addition to outputting a 13.8V DC voltage, this type of power supply also has an automatic charging function for charging the battery.

5 module power supply

With the rapid development of science and technology, the requirements for power supply reliability and capacity/volume ratio are getting higher and higher, and the module power supply is increasingly showing its superiority. It has high operating frequency, small size, high reliability, and is easy to install and expand. Therefore, it is being widely used. At present, although there are corresponding modules in China, the failure rate is high due to the failure of the production process to catch up with the international level.

Although the DC/DC module power supply is currently costly, from the perspective of the overall cost of the product's long application cycle, especially due to the high maintenance cost and good reputation loss caused by system failure, it is still cost-effective to select the power module. It is worthwhile to mention the Rogowski converter circuit. Its outstanding advantages are simple circuit structure, high efficiency and the ripple value of output voltage and current is close to zero.

6 special power supply

High-voltage low-current power supply, high-current power supply, and 400Hz input AC/DC power supply can be attributed to this type and can be selected according to special needs. The price of the switching power supply is generally 2-8 yuan / watt special low power and high power supply price is slightly higher, up to 11-13 yuan / watt.

1. Classification of rectifier circuits

(1) According to the input AC power type, it can be divided into single-phase rectification and three-phase rectification.

(2) According to the output power, it can be divided into low power and high power. Low-power DC power supplies typically use single-phase rectification, while for larger-power DC power supplies, three-phase rectification is typically used.

(3) According to the type of rectifier components, it can be divided into controllable rectifier and uncontrollable rectifier circuit. In the controllable rectifier circuit, the output voltage is controlled by changing the on-time of the rectifying element; in the uncontrolled rectifier circuit, the on-time of the rectifying element is uncontrollable, when the input voltage and load of the rectifying circuit are constant The output voltage is constant.

2. The basic working principle of the rectifier circuit

The rectifier circuit uses the unidirectional conductivity of the rectifier diode to change the alternating current into a unidirectional pulsating power, and the output voltage includes a certain direct current component.

3. Single-phase rectifier circuit and its main performance indicators

Let U2 be the rms voltage of the secondary side of the transformer, RL be the load resistance, Uo is the DC component of the output voltage of the circuit, UDRM is the highest reverse voltage that the diode is subjected to, and ID is the average value of the current flowing through the diode. The single-phase rectifier circuit and its main performance indicators are shown in Table 1.

4. Filter circuit

(1) The role of the filter circuit

The filter circuit uses the energy storage function of the capacitor and the inductor in the circuit and the characteristics of different reactances to different frequencies to form a low-pass filter circuit to reduce the ripple in the output voltage.

(2) Capacitor filter circuit

The single-phase bridge rectifier capacitor filter circuit is shown in Figure 10.1. The external characteristics of this circuit are shown in Figure 10.2.

(3) Characteristics of the capacitor filter circuit

1 The average value Uo of the output voltage is greater than the effective value U2 of the transformer secondary voltage.

when

(T is the period of the AC voltage), the average value of the output voltage

2 The output DC voltage is greatly affected by the load change and is suitable for applications where the load is constant or the output current is not large.

3 The larger the filter capacitor, the better the filtering effect.

4 The inrush current flowing through the diode is large, and the current parameter of the diode should be selected to have a margin of 2 to 3 times.

(4) Other forms of filter circuits

In addition to the capacitor filter circuit, there are also circuits such as inductor filtering, RC-Ï€ filtering, and LC-Ï€ filtering.

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