With the continuous deepening of urbanization in China and the sustained and rapid development of the economy, people's living standards have also been continuously improved. In the bustling city, urban roads and nightscape lighting have become the symbol of urban civilization and the representative of urban culture. In the process of promoting the urban lighting project, the lighting source and control equipment have achieved unprecedented development. Of course, the power consumption and lamp loss of urban lighting are also increasing. Due to the power emergency and the increase of electricity costs, lighting energy saving will reduce More and more attention is being paid.

At present, there are two main ways of energy saving in China:
l Adopt high-efficiency energy-saving light source, that is, use high-efficiency light bulb or lamp l to install energy-saving control equipment on existing lighting system

From a practical point of view, the first option is applicable to the newly designed lighting circuit. For the existing lighting system, because all the lamps need to be replaced, the initial investment and manpower are relatively large. In the lighting place where the lamps cannot be updated in batches, the one-time investment is too large, which makes many units discouraged. At the same time, high-efficiency energy-saving light sources (lamps, bulbs) are 5 to 10 times the price of traditional light sources. If the quality of the energy-saving lamps purchased is problematic or the quality of the power supply is not good, the life-saving lamps can be used for a short period of time. This caused the use of the unit to appear "energy saving and not saving money" abnormal phenomenon.

For the energy-saving retrofit of existing lighting systems, it is generally economical and practical to install energy-saving equipment. At present, there are many lighting energy-saving equipments sold in China, among which lighting control and control devices account for the largest proportion. From the working principle, it is roughly divided into three categories.

1. Principle of thyristor chopper-type lighting energy-saving device: Using the principle of thyristor chopping, by controlling the conduction angle of the thyristor (SCR), the sine wave voltage input to the grid is removed, thereby reducing the output voltage. The average value reaches the purpose of voltage control and power saving.

Schematic diagram of thyristor chopping type power saving products

This kind of energy-saving regulation equipment has fast voltage regulation and high precision for the lighting system, and can be adjusted in real time in a time-sharing manner. It has a voltage regulation function, because it is mainly an electronic original, relatively small in size, light in equipment, and low in cost.
However, there is a fatal defect in the voltage regulation method. Due to the chopping, the voltage cannot realize the sine wave output, and a large number of harmonics appear, which form a harmonic pollution to the power grid system, which is extremely harmful and cannot be used in a capacitor compensation circuit. (Modern lighting design requirements stipulate that the power factor of the lighting system must be above 0.9, while the power factor of the gas discharge lamp is generally below 0.5, so the capacitors are designed to compensate the power factor.) In developed countries, it has been clearly stated that the electrical The limitation of harmonic content of equipment, in domestic, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other big cities, has been restricted to the use of equipment with harmonic content exceeding the standard.
High-power thyristor chopper-type power-saving equipment, because of its own harmonic pollution defects, if the installation of filtering equipment, the cost is too high, it is uneconomical, so such equipment is not suitable for use in lighting circuits.
Harmonic Harmonics a. Shorten the service life of power capacitors. In severe cases, the capacitors will bulge, break down or explode.
b. The copper consumption and iron consumption of the transformer increase, reducing the actual use capacity of the transformer and wasting power.
c. Increase the additional loss of electrical equipment, reduce output, waste power, and cause electrical equipment to overheat and burn out in severe cases.
d. Causes malfunction of electrical equipment such as switches and contactors, and the automatic instrument cannot work normally.
e. Produce serious and invisible electromagnetic interference, which makes wired and wireless signals unable to receive and transmit, affecting the normal use of mobile phones, televisions, radios, computers, etc., and damaging the normal physiological functions of the human body.

2. Auto-coupled buck regulator

The most lighting-saving products on the market today are such products. Its principle is that through an autotransformer movement, according to the input voltage level, different fixed transformer taps are connected, and the grid voltage is reduced by 5, 10, 15, 20V, etc., thereby achieving the purpose of buck power saving. .

Self-coupling buck power saving product power saving principle

The biggest advantage of this type of product is that it overcomes the defects of the harmonic generation of the thyristor chopper type product, realizes the sine wave output of the voltage, and has simple structure and function, and of course the reliability is relatively high.

Technical flaws:
1) Fixed multi-speed bucker Because its core component is a multi-tap transformer, the transformation ratio is fixed. Generally, there are three to five buck taps on the secondary side, which are reduced by 5V, 10V, 15V, 20V, respectively. Fixed, lowering the voltage is a fixed value. When the grid voltage fluctuates, the output voltage of the regulating device will fluctuate up and down, so that the working voltage of the lighting is in an unstable fluctuation state, which cannot protect the electric light source. As shown in the figure, when the grid voltage is high, the power saving rate is not optimal; when the grid voltage is low, undervoltage may occur, causing the lamps to fail to light normally, which in turn reduces the life of the lamps. The biggest security flaw. When the peak voltage is used, the voltage is too low and the electrical equipment cannot operate normally.

2) Contactor type buck regulators These regulators generally use AC contactors in order to enable the rated voltage to start normally and jump to the bypass (safety of the equipment) during overvoltage and undervoltage. Switching is the easiest and most common way to do this. However, if a contactor is used as a voltage regulating device for a power-saving product, its safety, reliability, and trouble-free working life cannot be guaranteed, and there are safety hazards for the following reasons:
a. The working principle of the AC contactor is to use the electromagnetic coil to pull in and off to control the normally open or normally closed contact. It is a mechanical moving part and is only suitable for switching occasions that do not operate frequently, such as the opening of lamps and electrical appliances. Starting and shutting down, the number of switching is limited, and it is not suitable for frequent switching.
b. When the AC contactor is switched, it is mechanically pulled and disconnected, so there will be a short power failure of 10~20ms. We call it “flashing”. This kind of power failure will lead to HID light (High Intensity Discharged Lamp—High pressure gas discharge lamps, such as high pressure sodium lamps, metal halide lamps, high pressure mercury lamps, etc., are extinguished. The characteristics of this kind of lamp determine that after the extinction, the lamp must be cooled, and the vapor pressure can be re-ignited after it is lowered. Generally, it takes about 5~10 minutes. In use, this will be a serious fault.

For the above reasons, the AC contactor cannot be used to control the lighting control device for frequent switching. Therefore, manufacturers that produce and sell such power-saving products generally cannot perform functions such as real-time stable voltage and multi-time regulation, which is the disadvantage of such power-saving products.

3. Intelligent lighting power saver From the two types of power-saving products, they have their own advantages and disadvantages. The reason why they cannot be used in large quantities is because they have technical defects. The advantage of thyristor (phase control) is that it can be real-time. Precisely control the output voltage to meet the optimal value of lighting power. The defect is that the voltage cannot achieve sine wave output and there is harmonic pollution. The advantage of the auto-coupled buck type is that it can achieve the voltage sine wave output, but it can not achieve the automatic and precise control of the voltage. It can only fix the voltage drop, and can not boost and stabilize the voltage. Defects are relatively ideal lighting energy-saving products.
The working principle of the intelligent lighting control device adopts the microcomputer control system, the real-time acquisition output, the input voltage signal is compared with the optimal lighting voltage, and the automatic adjustment is performed through calculation, thereby ensuring the output of the optimal lighting system operating voltage.

Intelligent regulation type power saving product power saving principle

Based on the advantages of the first two types of energy-saving products, the intelligent lighting control device overcomes the defects. The specific advantages are reflected in the following four aspects:
1) Optimize power quality, save lighting power l Stable optimal working voltage For the phenomenon of high voltage and fluctuation of power grid, the control device can adjust and output the optimal lighting working voltage in real time according to the actual needs of the user site, and can stabilize it. Within ±2%, the power quality is effectively improved, thereby achieving the effect of saving 10%~40%.
l Multi-period energy-saving operation According to the actual lighting needs of the user, the control device can also set the multi-time energy-saving voltage setting through the program, so as to meet the needs of different light sources and different time of the user, and achieve the optimal illumination state and maximum power saving rate.
2) Effectively protect the electric light source and prolong its service life. An important factor affecting the life of the electric light source by soft start and slow slope is the impact of current and voltage on the light source during start-up and operation. In order to effectively reduce the current impact and improve the life of the lamp, in foreign high-end lighting products, the lamp is required to have a soft start function.
The intelligent control device enables the soft start and slow ramp control of the luminaire. When the luminaire is started, it adopts low-voltage soft start and fully preheats. This process can reduce the starting current impact by 40% and effectively improve the life of the light source. In the process of voltage regulation and voltage regulation, the intelligent control device adopts a slow ramp mode to make the voltage slowly transition within the set time, ensuring that the light source is not affected by voltage and current fluctuations, thereby reducing the damage of the electric light source and prolonging the service life.
l Real-time voltage regulation and voltage control in places with large voltage fluctuations, such as a factory with more electrical equipment, the voltage fluctuation within one minute reaches ±15%; the power supply voltage of the street lamp will reach 250V in the middle of the night. The high-stability optimal illumination voltage of the intelligent control device can extend the life of the electric light source by 2~4 times and reduce the lighting operation and maintenance cost by 30%~50%.
3) Intelligent lighting control In order to meet the needs of different users for lighting control, the intelligent control device has three operating modes to choose from:
l Terminal control energy-saving operation mode l Time control energy-saving operation mode l Communication control Energy-saving operation mode can realize various functions such as time control, light control and program control through the astronomical clock, intelligent probe or internal programming and remote computer remote control according to the actual situation on site. Control. According to different time periods, different lamps and different brightness requirements, each phase can be adjusted independently, allowing 100% imbalance.
4) Applicability and reliability l Each phase of the control device can be independently adjusted, with high operability, can withstand 100% unbalanced load of three phases, and ensure that single-phase faults will not affect the normal operation of the other two phases. The same device can carry different types of light source loads, and the output voltage of each phase can be independently adjusted.
l The control device adopts manual and automatic double bypass system to ensure that the lighting equipment is continuously powered and operated normally;
l The control unit control section does not contain AC contactors, no contacts and moving components, ensuring high reliability and low power consumption.
l Optional GSM/GPRS global real-time (mobile phone) monitoring system, through the display, sound and other signal monitoring equipment operation, fault alarm, timely take protective measures.
The cost of this kind of lighting energy-saving products is slightly higher than the first two, which can realize the functions of intelligent lighting control, effectively protect the electric light source and reduce the power consumption. The economy and reliability of the use are far better than the first two products. More mature lighting control solutions.

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