Index curve of value added of rare earth industry
People in the industry of Hunan rare earth industry said that President Liu is very anxious and hopes to promote the development of Hunan's rare earth industry as soon as possible.
Dean Liu is the director of the Hunan Rare Earth Metal Materials Research Institute, Liu Jiaxiang. The rare earth institute he led has been restructured. From the production of military products in the past to the production of civilian products, the energy-saving lamps for trichromatic phosphors have been put into production.
On April 11, he confirmed to the China Economic Times reporter on the phone that the Bangladesh Customs Administration had specifically revised the relevant standards for energy-saving lamps and determined that the energy-saving lamps they produced could be imported at zero tariff. Earlier, these energy-saving lamps were specially displayed in Bangladesh.
“There was a shock in Bangladesh.†At the beginning of March, Liu Jiaxiang and his colleagues excitedly told the author at the factory in Longping High-Tech Park in Changsha. The government procurement of energy-saving lamps in Bangladesh will be based on the lamps of the Hunan Rare Earth Institute. The number is expected to be 27 million, and the transaction amount is at least 270 million yuan.
How many billion yuan of industry can be built, Liu Jiaxiang said that every element of rare earth can become a billion yuan industry. He calculated this: the rare earth alloy applied to the high-conductivity radiator has a domestic demand of about 50,000 tons, and the current market price of the material is 300,000 yuan/ton. The output value of this industry can reach 150 billion yuan. The rare earth nano energy-saving coatings used in civil architectural glass, according to the estimated housing area of ​​the country, the output value will reach 2.5 trillion yuan, occupying 5% of the market, is the industry of hundreds of billions.
LED street lights, the country's estimated output value is 800 billion / year. Street lamps that use rare earth materials may have better lighting effects. "A large piece of hydrogen storage material for nails costs only 20 yuan, and the price is a thousand dollars." Liu Jiaxiang said.
On March 19, Xiong Jiaqi, a member of the expert group of the State Council Rare Earth Leading Group, said in an interview with this reporter in the building of the Baotou Rare Earth High-tech Zone that rare earth energy-saving lamps can save 1/3 of energy and use rare earth materials in the “Water Cubeâ€. The LED lights achieve nearly 70% energy savings.
Xiong Jiaqi said that the fact that "industrial vitamins" or "MSG" actually cannot summarize the important application value of rare earths.
"It should be leverage." Xiong Jiaqi said that an industry that is small but can incite high-tech and national economic development.
Xiong Jiaqi, who has been engaged in research on rare earth information for a long time, has compiled a data: In 2009, there were more than 10 foreign powers on rare earths published in the Reference News.
A report in the British "Independent" article entitled "China's Concerns about Strengthening Control of Exports of Rare Earth Resources" said that the annual production of Toyota's Prius hybrid vehicles will reach 1 million units, and the production of each Prius car will require 16 kg. Rare earth.
"This figure can be questioned. It may not be 16 kilograms of rare earth, but 16 kilograms of rare earth new materials." Xiong Jiaqi said.
But he calculated that a Prius car may have 10 applications for rare earths. A battery using a rare earth hydrogen storage material, a motor using a rare earth permanent magnet material, a tail gas treatment catalyst using a rare earth catalyst, an oxygen sensor, a rubber tire, and a high-grade ceramic using a rare earth material, used for reducing the weight of the automobile and preventing ultraviolet rays. Rare earth alloys and glass, and so on.
Almost no one does not recognize that rare earth plays a vital role in strategic emerging industries such as new energy, energy conservation and environmental protection, electric vehicles, new materials, biotechnology, and information industry.
"New energy and automation integration, the 21st century may become the century of the industrial revolution." Xiong Jiaqi said.
Liu Jiaxiang has been eager to set up special funds for the deep processing and application of the rare earth industry at the national level. However, from the special plan proposed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, he was once again disappointed. The central government now has one in Hunan, which is Hunan Nonferrous Holding Group Co., Ltd., which is controlled by Minmetals. Its rare earth business is currently mainly located in Zhangzhou, with the specific operation of Zhushazhou's Huangshaping Mining Branch and Nanling Company.
Value-added index curve: 1:10:100
There is one thing that may make Liu Jiaxiang both excited and anxious.
On February 24th, Bloombox, a new solid fuel cell successfully developed by BloomEnergy, was officially released with the participation of Schwarzenegger and Powell.
Bloombox actually changes the way energy is supplied. It uses the chemical reaction of gas to generate electricity and does not require grid transmission. Bloombox's current maximum power generation can reach 100 kilowatts, a box of about 10 centimeters in size, can supply a household's electricity, that is, 10 kilowatts. Google and eBay are its customers. Some media said that Bloom achieved a major breakthrough in the US energy field, and a new energy company was born.
Liu Jiaxiang said that BloomEnergy's breakthrough was based on the use of high-purity cerium oxide (é’ª: rare earth elements) provided by their Rare Earth Institute. In the past one or two decades, Bloom's research has not been successful, and the positive battery made of high-purity cerium oxide reduced the reaction temperature of the fuel cell by more than 200 degrees Celsius.
BloomEnergy actually broadened a market for Liu Jiaxiang. In California, Bloom has already received a $1 billion order in 2011. Since the fuel cell module is a consumable item, high-purity cerium oxide is replaced every 5-10 years, and its demand for cerium oxide is 27 tons.
"All of China's supply of antimony oxide can not be met." Liu Jiaxiang said. Their production target for high-purity cerium oxide this year is only 3 tons. As early as they produced 50 kilograms a year, they have become "Chinese kings."
However, what makes Liu Jiaxiang happy is that Bloombox is not sold to China.
Liu Jiaxiang said that BloomEnergy's factory is located in NASA. Bloombox was originally part of the US space program and was commercialized last year.
"To develop new energy, we need a breakthrough in rare earth materials." Liu Jiaxiang said, "Solar energy, wind energy, nuclear energy, biomass energy, whichever is rare, can't do anything. This is not going to happen, and new energy is hard to get up." â€
Liu Jiaxiang's "100 billion industry" algorithm may not be supported by all industry insiders. In fact, there is no unified statement about which ring of the rare earth industry chain is counted. Some people think that the rare earth industry only includes "raw ore - concentrate (or oxide) - primary separation products - rare earth functional materials", so that each rare earth element can form a billion yuan or billion yuan industry at most. Liu Jiaxiang's algorithm extends to the application industry of functional materials.
However, every time the rare earth is processed once, it can increase the value by 10 times or even 100 times, which seems to be a widely accepted experience in the industry.
According to such a product value-added model, the value-added chain of the rare earth industry is actually an “exponential curve†– starting from raw ore and concentrate, the curve of value of primary separation products, functional materials, and applied products rises in direct proportion.
The generalization of Xu Guangxian, the father of rare earths, is that the ratio of this curve is 1:10:100. "There may be more than '100' downstream." On March 28, Xu Guangxian said in an interview with this reporter.
“The key to revitalizing the rare earth industry is application.†On April 23, Zhang Anwen, deputy secretary-general of the Rare Earth Industry Association of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, said at the International Rare Earth Summit. In China's rare earth industry, the added value of products is in the 1:10 promotion space.
“It’s still making money from what the ancestors left behind,†said Yan Chunhua, director of the State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications at Peking University.
According to industry insiders, 80% of the world's energy-saving lamps are made in China. More than 80% of the world's brand lights are foreign brands such as Osram and Philips. There is no Chinese brand. The Chinese brand Op is mainly using the sales channel for OEM, not the real product brand manufacturer.
"Put someone else's brand, you can sell more than 20 yuan, your brand, you may only be able to sell 5 dollars." Tang Xiaoxuan, general manager of Hangzhou Daming Fluorescent Materials Co., Ltd. introduced to this reporter on April 23, Zhejiang, there are many factories that do OEMs.
"Science and Industry Trade" or "Trade Technology"?
Liu Jiaxiang has repeatedly expressed his hope that he will become the leader in the development of Hunan's rare earth industry, with a focus on breakthroughs and developments in deep processing and application. However, the actual support finally obtained by the Rare Earth Institute is still limited.
Xu Lin, the director of the Science and Technology Planning Department of Hunan Nonferrous Metals Corporation and the secretary of the Hunan Nonferrous Metals Society, said that Hunan now emphasizes deep processing and hopes to catch up with the already leading Zhangzhou. However, he believes that it is a bit unrealistic to use the rare earth hospital as the industry leader.
"It has been doing research for a long time, the economic strength is a little bit worse, and the leader is a little reluctant." He said, "In the end, the central government may become the leader in Hunan enterprises."
Although the local government also promised to develop deep processing and application industries, Zhu Chongzhou still confessed that the first step is to control resources.
"In the first stage, the development path of 'science, industry and trade' within 5 years is not realistic. On the contrary, it may require the 'trade technology' approach." On March 5, Zhu Chongzhou said in an interview with the author.
"First should be the market, rive it, then do processing, how to satisfy it, then technology." Zhu Chongzhou said that this is also the way Huawei used to go. Realistically speaking, enterprises should use funds as a link and technology as a magic stick.
Liu Jiaxiang is now looking forward to cooperating with Huaneng to jointly produce rare earth permanent magnet materials for wind power generation. He needs strategic investors.
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