At present, fire emergency lighting is widely used in construction projects. Fire emergency lighting has different design methods in different projects, and different design methods exist in the same project.
Article 3.1.2 of GB 50034-2013 "Architectural Lighting Design Standards":
The lighting is divided into normal lighting, emergency lighting, duty lighting, guard lighting and obstacle lighting, wherein the emergency lighting includes evacuation lighting, standby lighting and safety lighting. The fire emergency lighting involved in civil buildings mainly includes evacuation lighting and standby lighting. The lamps used for evacuation lighting are divided into evacuation lights and evacuation indicator lights. The evacuation lights are further divided into evacuation lights and safety exit lights.
This paper mainly discusses the various types of control methods for fire emergency lighting design and fire emergency lighting under several conventional power supply modes.
Emergency lighting power supply
The power supply of emergency lighting can be divided into mains power supply and self-supplied diesel generator according to the distribution of power supply; according to the emergency form, it can be divided into centralized power supply and self-contained power supply.
For the various power supply methods for emergency lighting, the following three general power supply methods are listed:
1. All the way to the city's electric power supply, set up its own diesel generator, emergency lighting fixtures with their own batteries, referred to as the power supply mode one;
2, two-way power supply, emergency lighting fixtures with battery, referred to as power supply mode 2;
3, two-way power supply, only evacuation of the exit indicator lights, evacuation indicator lights come with batteries, the rest of the emergency lighting is powered by the city power, referred to as the power supply mode three.
Emergency lighting control
1. After the normal power supply (mains) is powered off, the emergency lighting control mode is illuminated by the lamp with its own battery.
(1) Emergency lighting should be provided in the enclosed stairwell, smoke-proof stairwell and front room of the house and the front room of the fire-fighting elevator. For the house with automatic fire alarm and linkage control system, emergency lighting can be used. In the battery luminaire, the emergency lighting distribution box incoming power is automatically cut off by the fire alarm system during the fire, and the emergency lighting is illuminated by the self-contained battery.
For residential buildings that do not have automatic fire alarm and linkage control system, it is considered that the residential public access is a familiar place for residents and the fire risk is not large. The light is automatically illuminated by the energy-saving sensor switch (infrared sensor switch or sound and light control switch). An option is to use the self-contained battery of the luminaire as a backup power source and achieve continuous power supply time to meet the requirements of the normal operation of the emergency luminaire.
(2) When designing equipment room (such as substation, fire blower room, fire elevator room, etc.) for standby lighting, the lamp is usually used as general lighting and standby lighting during fire. The lamp can be used as the backup power source when designing. fulfil requirements.
The control method of emergency lighting is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Emergency lighting control method
In Fig. 1, the emergency light is normally turned on and off by a single rocker switch. When the utility power is cut off, the emergency light is automatically illuminated by the lamp.
The control method of emergency lighting is applicable to the first and second modes of power supply.
(1) For the first mode of power supply, only one power supply is used, and the second power supply uses a diesel generator. Due to the starting time of the diesel generator, the evacuation lighting must be equipped with a battery to meet the evacuation lighting. After the normal power supply is stopped, the time to switch to the emergency power supply meets JGJ 16-2008 "Electrical Design Code for Civil Buildings" 13.8.5 Article requirements.
(2) For the power supply mode 2, after the normal power supply is stopped, the battery is powered.
(3) For the third mode of power supply, since the power supply mode does not have a battery, the above control mode does not exist in emergency lighting.
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