The development of robotics technology is an important symbol and embodiment of a country's high-tech level and industrial automation. Robots have become more and more widely used in current production and life, and they are replacing people to play an increasingly important role. With the rapid advancement of computers, microelectronics, and information technology, the development speed of robotics is getting faster and faster, and the degree of intelligence is getting higher and higher, and the scope of application has also been greatly expanded. In the areas of marine development, space exploration, industrial and agricultural production, military, social services, entertainment and other fields, robots have a broad space for development and application prospects. Robots are moving in the direction of intelligence and diversification. one. The definition of intelligent robots Smart robots are called smart robots because they have a well-developed "brain." What works in the brain is the central processor, which has a direct connection with the person who operates it. The main thing is that such a computer can be arranged according to the purpose of the action. Because of this, we only say that these robots are real robots, although their appearance may be different. To understand the so-called intelligent robot in a broad sense, the most profound impression it gives is a unique “living thing†that controls itself. In fact, the main organs of this self-control "living" are not as subtle and complicated as the real ones. Intelligent robots have a variety of internal information sensors and external information sensors such as sight, hearing, touch, and smell. In addition to having receptors, it also has effectors as a means of acting on the surrounding environment. This is the muscles, or self-adjusting motors, which move the hands, feet, long noses, tentacles, etc. two. The main elements that an intelligent robot must possess (a) are sensory elements that are used to recognize the state of the surrounding environment; sensory elements include non-contact sensors that can sense vision, proximity, distance, etc., and contact-type sensors that can sense, feel, and touch. sensor. These elements are essentially equivalent to human eyes, nose, ears and other features. Their functions can be used such as cameras, image sensors, ultrasonic transducers, lasers, conductive rubber, piezoelectric elements, pneumatic components, travel switches and other mechanical and electrical elements. Devices to achieve. (2) It is a factor of movement and responds to external actions. For the elements of the movement, the intelligent robot needs to have a non-orbiting type of moving mechanism to adapt to different geography such as flat ground, steps, walls, stairs, and ramps. surroundings. Their functions can be accomplished with the aid of wheels, tracks, feet, suction cups, air cushions and other moving mechanisms. In the course of sports, it is necessary to control the moving mechanism in real time. This control should not only include position control, but also strength control, mixed control of position and strength, and control of the rate of expansion and contraction (3). It is an element of thinking, based on sensory elements. Get the information and think about what action to take. The thinking element of the intelligent robot is the key among the three elements, and it is also an essential element that people must assign to the robot. Thinking elements include intellectual activities such as judgment, logical analysis, and understanding. These intellectual activities are essentially an information processing process, and computers are the main means to complete this process. three. Key technologies of intelligent robot 1. Multi-sensor information fusion The multi-sensor information fusion technology is a very popular research topic in recent years. It is combined with control theory, signal processing, artificial intelligence, probability, and statistics to make the robot complex and dynamic. Performing tasks in uncertain and unknown environments provides a technical solution. 2. Navigation and positioning In the robot system, autonomous navigation is a core technology and is a key and difficult issue in the field of robot research. 3, path planning Path planning technology is an important branch of robot research. The optimal path planning is based on one or more optimization criteria (such as minimum working cost, shortest walking route, shortest walking time, etc.), and finding a starting point state to a target state in the robot work space to avoid obstacles. The optimal path. 4, robot vision Vision system is an important part of the autonomous robot, generally consists of cameras, image acquisition cards and computers. The work of the robot vision system includes image acquisition, image processing and analysis, output, and display. The core tasks are feature extraction, image segmentation, and image recognition. 5, intelligent control With the development of robot technology, for the physical object can not be accurately modeled and ill-informed information process, the traditional control theory exposed shortcomings, in recent years, many scholars have proposed a variety of different robot intelligent control system. 6. The research goal of the human-machine interface technology intelligent robot is not to completely replace people. The complex intelligent robot system only has to rely on the computer to control it. There are certain difficulties at present. Even if it can be done, it is not due to lack of adaptability to the environment and it is not practical. The intelligent robot system can not completely exclude the role of humans, but it needs human-machine coordination to achieve system control. Therefore, a well-designed human-machine interface has become one of the key issues in the research of intelligent robots. four. Main Categories of Intelligent Robots (1) Classification by Function 1. Sensing robots Also externally controlled robots. There is no intelligent unit on the body of the robot. There are only actuators and sensing mechanisms. It uses sensory information (including vision, hearing, touch, proximity, force and infrared, ultrasound and laser, etc.) to perform sensor information processing and control. The ability to operate. Controlled by an external computer, the robots currently used in the small group games of the Robot World Cup fall into this category. 2. Autonomous robot After the design and production, the robot does not need human intervention and can automatically complete various anthropomorphic tasks in various environments. On the body of an autonomous robot, there are modules for sensing, processing, decision making, and execution, which can act and deal with problems independently as an autonomous person. Many countries attach great importance to the research of autonomous mobile robots. The research of intelligent robots began in the early 60s. After decades of development, intelligent robots based on sensory control (also known as second generation robots) have reached the stage of practical application. Intelligent robots based on knowledge control (also known as autonomous robots) Or next-generation robots have made great progress, and many kinds of prototypes have been developed. 3. Interactive robots The robots conduct human-machine dialogue with the operator or programmer through the computer system to realize the control and operation of the robot. Although it has some processing and decision-making capabilities, it can independently implement some functions such as trajectory planning and simple obstacle avoidance, but it is also subject to external control. (B) According to the level of intelligence 1, industrial robots can only work in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the people, no matter what changes in external conditions, they can not make changes to the program that is done. If you want to change the work done by the robot, you must make a corresponding change to the program, so it is not intelligent. 2. Primary intelligent robots have the ability to feel, recognize, reason and judge like people. According to the change of external conditions, the program can be modified within a certain range, that is, it can adapt to changes in external conditions on how to make their own adjustments. However, the principle of modifying the program is prescribed by the person in advance, and this kind of junior intelligent robot has certain intelligence. 3, advanced intelligent robots have the ability to sense, identify, reason and judge, can also modify the program within a certain range according to changes in external conditions. The difference is that the principle of modifying the program is not stipulated by the person, but it is the principle that the robot itself acquires the modified program by learning and summarizing the experience. So its intelligence is higher than the initial intelligent robot. This robot has a certain ability of automatic planning and can arrange its own work. This kind of robot can not be taken care of by human beings and completely independent of the work, so it is called advanced self-discipline robot. This kind of robot has also begun to become practical. Fives. The main types of today's intelligent robots 1, industrial robots at this stage, the concept of "machine substitution" has been increasingly favored by production and processing companies, industrial robots from the operating machine (machinery body), controller, servo The drive system and the detection and sensing device are constructed as an electromechanically integrated automated production device capable of performing humanoid operations, automatic control, reprogrammable programming, and various operations in a three-dimensional space. Particularly suitable for flexible production of many varieties and batches. It plays a very important role in stabilizing, improving product quality, improving production efficiency, improving working conditions and rapid product replacement. Robots do not replace artificial labor in a simple sense, but an anthropomorphic electromechanical device that integrates human expertise and machine expertise. It is not only a person's ability to respond quickly to the state of the environment, but also has the ability to analyze and judge. The capability of continuous work, high precision and resistance to harsh environments is, in a sense, the product of the evolution of machines. It is an important production and service equipment for industrial and non-industrial sectors, and is also indispensable in advanced manufacturing technology. Automation equipment. 2. Japan intends to use robots at special disaster sites. This technology is mainly aimed at nuclear power station accidents, NBC (nuclear, biological, chemical) terrorist attacks and other situations. Remote-controlled robots are equipped with belts that can measure the amount of radiation, bacteria, chemicals, toxic gases, etc., around the site across the rubble and transmit the data to the command center. The commander can select less-contaminated access routes based on the data. Field personnel will carry out activities on machines that measure the amount of radiation, respiration, heartbeat, and body temperature. These data will be immediately transmitted to the command center. If a danger of heat stroke or mental stress is detected and a high risk is discovered, the withdrawal can be commanded immediately. 3. The “capsule endoscope robot†with the shape of a medical capsule endoscope robot and the ordinary capsule is developed by Shanghai Anhan Medical Technology Co., Ltd. and Anhan Optoelectronics Technology (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., and adopts the internationally-introduced remote-control capsule endoscope. Mirror control system. Through this system, doctors can use software to control the movement of the capsule robot in the stomach, change the posture of the capsule, and focus on the focus of the photograph according to the required angle, so as to achieve a comprehensive observation of the gastric mucosa and make a diagnosis. In this process, the image is wirelessly transmitted to the portable recorder. After the data is exported, the playback can be continued to improve the diagnostic accuracy. Compared with traditional gastroscopes, this method has the advantages of more accurate data collection, no pain, and no cross-infection when used once. To date, 321 patients have voluntarily agreed to participate in magnetic capsule endoscopy clinical studies. Through the preliminary analysis of the research results, it is proved that the remote-control capsule endoscopy system is safe to use and the diagnostic accuracy rate is 92.8%. This improves the proportion of common people's digestive tract health examinations and early gastrointestinal diseases, and reduces the late incidence of malignant gastrointestinal diseases. It is of great significance. 4, Da Vinci high-definition three-dimensional imaging robot "Da Vinci" robot is called Leonardo da Vinci high-definition three-dimensional imaging robot surgical system. Da Vinci Surgical Robot is the most advanced minimally invasive surgical system currently used worldwide. It is suitable for general surgery, urology, cardiovascular surgery, thoracic surgery, gynecology, ENT, pediatric surgery and other minimally invasive surgery. This is the only intelligent endoscopic minimally invasive surgical system approved by the FDA for clinical surgical treatment. Since the beginning of clinical application in 2000, China was first introduced by the PLA General Hospital in 2006. More than 500 years ago, Da Vinci designed the prototype of the robot. There are three major components: 1. An ergonomically designed doctor operating system; 2. A 4-arm bedside robotic arm system consisting of 3 instrument arms and 1 lens arm; 3. A high-definition 3D video imaging system. 5. “Alpha†smart humanoid robot In late September 2014, a football match played at the Beijing Workers’ Stadium allowed a pair of robot fans to become popular, and they also had a name with a profound meaning, namely “Alphaâ€. It is one of the robot products developed by Shenzhen Youbest Technology Co., Ltd. and it is internally called "Alpha". This robot is equipped with intelligent extended learning capabilities such as editing actions. It is a fully-fledged intelligent type. robot. Summary: Robotics is a multidisciplinary product that integrates advanced theories and techniques in kinematics and dynamics, mechanical design and manufacturing, computer hardware and software, control and sensors, pattern recognition, and artificial intelligence. At the same time, it is again a typical type of automation machine, which is the extension and development of dedicated automatic machines and numerical control machines. At present, social demands and technological advances have constantly put new demands on the development of intelligent robots.
Piezoelectric Discs For Flowmeter Sensor
Piezoelectric ceramic disc
Quick delivery
High performance
Application: flow meter measurement
There are many kinds of USF used in closed pipeline according to the measuring principle, and the most commonly used are propagation time method and Doppler method. Among them, time difference ultrasonic flowmeter is used to measure fluid flow by the principle that the time difference of sound wave propagating downstream and countercurrent is proportional to the velocity of fluid flow. It is widely used in raw water measurement of rivers, rivers and reservoirs, process flow detection of petrochemical products, water consumption measurement of production process and other fields. According to practical application, time-difference ultrasonic flowmeter can be divided into portable time-difference ultrasonic flowmeter, fixed time-difference ultrasonic flowmeter and time-difference gas ultrasonic flowmeter.
Ultrasonic flow-meters use at least two transducers aligned so that ultrasonic pulses travel across the flow of liquid or gas in a pipe at a known angle to the flow.
Technical data:
Electromechanical coupling coefficient Kp: > 0.62
Dielectric Loss tg δ: <2%
Nominal Piezo discs for ultrasonic flowmeter:
OD14.2*1MHz PZT-51
OD14.6*1MHz PZT-51
OD15*1MHz PSnN-5
OD15*2MHz PSnN-5
OD20*1MHz PSnN-5OD20*2MHz PSnN-5
OD15*1MHz PZT-51
OD15*2MHz PZT-51
OD20*1MHz PZT-51OD20*2MHz PZT-51
Size, Frequency and Electrode on request.
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