The embedded system is application-centric, based on computer technology, and can be tailored for hardware and software. It is suitable for application-specific computer systems with strict requirements on function, reliability, cost, size and power consumption. It is generally composed of embedded microprocessors, peripheral hardware devices, embedded operating systems, and user applications, and is used to implement functions such as control, monitoring, or management of other devices.
Embedded systems generally refer to non-PC systems, which include hardware and software. Hardware includes processors/microprocessors, memory and peripheral devices and I/O ports, graphics controllers, and more. The software part includes operating system software (OS) (requires real-time and multitasking operations) and application programming. Sometimes designers combine these two kinds of software. The application controls the operation and behavior of the system; the operating system controls the interaction between application programming and hardware.
Embedded features
The core of the embedded system is the embedded microprocessor. Embedded microprocessors generally have the following four features:
1) Strong support for real-time multitasking, multitasking and short interrupt response time, minimizing internal code and real-time core execution time.
2) Has a very powerful storage area protection function. This is because the software structure of the embedded system has been modularized, and in order to avoid the wrong crossover between the software modules, it is necessary to design a powerful memory area protection function, and also facilitate software diagnosis.
3) Scalable processor architecture to enable the fastest implementation of embedded microprocessors that meet the highest performance requirements of the application.
4) Embedded microprocessors must have low power consumption, especially for battery-powered embedded systems in portable wireless and mobile computing and communication devices, such as power consumption of only mW or even μW.
Embedded computer systems have the following characteristics compared to general purpose computer systems:
1. Embedded system is usually the application-oriented embedded CPU and the general purpose of the biggest difference is that the embedded CPU mostly works in a system designed for a specific user group, it usually has low power consumption, small size, high integration, etc. Features, can integrate many of the tasks completed by the board in the general-purpose CPU inside the chip, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the embedded system design, the mobility is greatly enhanced, and the coupling with the network is getting closer.
2. Embedded systems are the result of combining advanced computer technology, semiconductor technology and electronic technology with specific applications in various industries. This determines that it must be a technology-intensive, capital-intensive, highly fragmented, and constantly innovative knowledge integration system.
3. The hardware and software of the embedded system must be designed efficiently, tailored, redundant, and strive to achieve higher performance on the same silicon area, so that the choice of processor can be more competitive in specific applications. force.
4. The embedded system and the specific application are organically combined, and its upgrade is also synchronized with the specific product, so once the embedded system product enters the market, it has a long life cycle.
5. In order to improve the execution speed and system reliability, the software in the embedded system is generally solidified in the memory chip or the microcontroller itself, rather than being stored in a carrier such as a disk.
6. The embedded system itself does not have the bootstrapping development capability. Even after the design is completed, the user usually cannot modify the program functions. A set of development tools and environment must be developed.
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