1 Functional semantics of luminaire design
The so-called functional semantics refers to the functional meaning expressed by the product form. The function of people to know a thing is primitive and inherited. Primitiveness is the inherent function of things. Inheritance is actually based on new technologies and new requirements. For the understanding of a new function, an analogy is needed, otherwise the user will not know it.
1) Lighting function. From fire to light, not only pure technological development and innovation, but also a continuation of function. If you let go of the "lighting" of the luminaire
If you don't talk about it, just pursuing its decorative function, this kind of practice will lose the meaning of the light that the lamp itself should have, which will inevitably lead to astray. It is undeniable that in the landscape lighting, the decorative effect of the luminaire is crucial, but it is important that this decorative effect not only beautifies the environment, but more importantly, it plays the role of "light", so that the light plays a function of illumination. At the same time, it has multiple social characteristics (such as culture). It can be seen that illumination is one of the functional symbols of the luminaire, including two levels: illumination characteristics such as color temperature and color rendering; illumination effects such as psychological effects and individual expression.
Light requires a light source, whether it is a monk or an Edison, the light source means bright. However, different types of light sources determine different lighting characteristics, including the brightness, color temperature characteristics, and color rendering characteristics of the light source. The former has a regulating effect on the environment and the atmosphere, while the latter has a rendering effect on the object. Fire, oil lamps, candles, incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, including the emerging LED light source products, are closely followed by Xu Dongxu and other product semantics based lighting design to study the pursuit of sunlight.
As material and spiritual life becomes more and more abundant, people walk in the living room, bedroom, street, office, bar with joys, sorrows and sorrows, bathe in all kinds of light, and put those "good-looking", "realistic", " Comfortable, "happy"
And "repression" comes down to a variety of color temperature and color rendering charts.
The color temperature and brightness of several light sources are 100 W incandescent (infrared), 40 W fluorescent (UV) and 30 W LED grille from left to right. From the analysis of light characteristics, the color temperature of these three lamps is quite different. The closest to D50 daylight is the LED grille lamp. The feelings of the three are very different.
The light source with high color rendering has better color reproduction, and the color seen by people is closer to the natural primary color. The light source with low color rendering has poorer color reproduction, and the color deviation exhibited is also large. The difference in color rendering is the best explanation of this phenomenon, see 2.
2) Decorative features. Lights as the "eyes" of the environment have two decorative effects - tangible and intangible. The tangible decoration includes flat decoration, structural decoration and environmental decoration, and the invisible decoration includes light color decoration and light decoration. Examples of 5 decorations.
The flat decoration, also known as the two-dimensional decoration, is a decorative method that exists depending on the surface of the object. In most cases, the flat decoration does not affect the functionality of the 3D product, but it adds value to the product.
The flat decoration of the luminaire includes lamp painting, stickers and painting. Better lighting can beautify the indoor environment, reflect the owner's temperament, personality, and even as a symbol of the times.
Structural decoration, also known as three-dimensional decoration, adds structure to the product while decorating the product. The added structure may be purely decorative, and may also support, strengthen and balance the product, and integrate with the overall structure of the product. The structural decoration of the luminaire can be the beauty of classicism, the nature of Art Nouveau, or the simplicity of modernism and the expression of postmodernism.
The environmental decoration is to place the decoration of the luminaire as a whole in the space. This method of decoration needs to consider the relationship between the luminaire and the environment, including luminaires and interior styles, luminaires and furniture, luminaires and structural spaces.
Light color decoration, similar to color temperature, light color and color temperature have a certain inevitable connection. The color of light is an intuitive feeling when people choose lamps, including personal preferences, the need for cold and warm in summer and winter, and more likely to be a spatial structure. Light-shaped decoration is the use of light and shadow and the shape of the light source to create a decorative effect.
2 indicative semantics of luminaire design
The so-called indicative semantics refers to the indications expressed by the product form. When the user touches the new product, it provides certain instructions to enable it to operate correctly and quickly. The indicative semantics are derived from the accumulation of people's life and practice. In summary, indicative semantics must be cultural and geographical differences that are acceptable to most people and must be stable and inherited. The indicative semantics contain five aspects.
1) Operation instructions. The design of the product must take into account graphics or other design symbols, intuitively tell the user how to operate and method, so that the product becomes a talker, the expression of the salesman's instructions at a glance, the function of the lamp is self-evident. The operational semantics of the luminaire. From left to right, it is “slipâ€, “turnâ€, “clipâ€, “liftâ€, “press†and “bendâ€.
2) Direction indication. From left to right, from top to bottom are the customary rules that many people follow. Special common sense has always existed around people, and new principles are constantly breaking people's thinking routines. The order of operation of the product cannot be solely dependent on the product specification and can be generated in a variety of directional indicators. According to the material weight and shape of the luminaire, determine the direction of the indicator, see 5.
3) Status indication. Red stops green and prepares for yellow, high-risk, low-stable and balanced. The design must provide a variety of states that open up the human mind channel so that the user can perceive it. The state can be static, dynamic, or even a state trend. The status of the luminaire design itself is not much, which is because the "light" of the luminaire has a good indication. Other auxiliary luminaire devices have many status indications such as power supplies, switches, ballasts, current limiters, and even triggers (temperature is also the state). The structure of the luminaire is the balance state indication and a fascinating state trend, see 6.
4) Interactive instructions. If you close the door, if there is no sound, how do you know that the door is locked? Press the number button on the ATM. If there is no response, will you press it more? Install the phone battery board on the charger. If there is no indicator light, will it be too busy? Sound, lighting, taste, and touch can all be instructions for people to interact with the machine. Users always have the desire to get a response. People and products that lack communication will only perish in their silence.
5) Technical instructions. Stone Age, Bronze Age, Industrial Age, Plastic Age, Electronic Age, Information Age... Different eras have different technical characteristics. Features, with a variety of carriers, technical indicators are one of the carriers of the features. The technical instructions for the luminaire include the light source technology, material technology and control technology. Light source technology is the type of light source of the lamp; material technology refers to the material category of the lamp; control technology refers to the control method of the lamp (such as visible light detection, sound detection, etc.). Understand the incandescent lamp with an inverted exclamation mark, and understand the LED with a matrix, see 7, which are based on the instructions of the two different lighting technologies. The shape of the incandescent lamp is attributed to the manufacturing process of the bulb - glass molding. The shape of the LED is attributed to the development of semiconductor technology and the inherent light-emitting characteristics of the LED itself. It is also related to the LED characteristics. The product design should consider the corresponding heat dissipation requirements. Etc., the best in design, and the main features and functions of the product into product indications and functional semantics, can be described as two things.
3 symbolic semantics of luminaire design
The so-called symbolic semantics refers to the emotions expressed by the product form. This kind of emotion can be given by the designer, by the user, or even by the product itself. Designers must consider the similarities between the symbolic and the symbolic, consider the symbolic semantics of different regions and cultures, and use various symbolic techniques in design.
1) The symbol of bionics. Submarine bionic whales, car bionic insects, paddle bionic fins... Humans apply various symbolic features of people or animals and plants to product design, including figurative bionics and abstract bionics. Figurative bionics directly transfer all or most of the features of a bionic object to the design; abstract bionics directly or indirectly apply important or partial features of the product, even analogy features, to the design.
Commonly used bionic categories can also be divided into two types: formal bionics (including shape, structure, material, color) and cultural bionics (including social culture, national culture, political culture, etc.), as well as the bionics of lamps.
2) Habitual symbol. Red means prohibition, green means safety, circle means rotation, triangle means stability... These symbolic semantics are derived from people's usual habits. Using a habitual symbol can add a lot of extra emotional color to the product. Habitual symbols come from habits and lead habits. The habitual symbol of luminaire design is an indispensable part of the design, which can not only compensate for the defects of the luminaire design itself, but also emphasize the theme of luminaire design, and even create new symbolic semantics. Paper materials and cloth materials symbolize softness and comfort, but lack of security; metal materials have stability and modern fashion; glass and crystal symbolize beauty and luxury. “Warm and high-definition colors have the effect of advancing, protruding, and approaching, while cool and low-light colors have the opposite effect. Bright colors are soft, light, and dark and dull.
3) A symbol of science and technology. The China Pavilion at the Shanghai World Expo, which uses the ancient architectural arch technology, symbolizes Chinese culture with a technology. This kind of scientific symbol is an extraction and sublimation process of the original scientific and technological characteristics. By analogy, you can use @ to symbolize information technology, use hammers to symbolize industrial technology, and use scythes to symbolize agricultural technology. In the design of luminaires, a variety of technological symbols can be used, including lighting technology, material technology and control technology. These technical symbols are different from technical instructions, which are figurative analysis of technology, and symbols are image analysis of technology.
4) Cultural symbols. "The choice and application of cultural elements in product design should consider the meaning of cultural visual elements and the inherent organic connection of products; the internal relationship between corporate brand image and cultural visual elements; the characteristics of product use consumer groups; the coordination factor of product use environment ; changes in the composition of cultural elements between different products."
The lamps of various themes occupy their respective worlds in the market. Chinese style lamps, Japanese and Korean lamps, and European and American lamps are well-known cultural symbol lamps.
4 Conclusion
Through the in-depth study of the shape, structure, function and culture of the lamps, the application principles of product semantics in the design of lamps are obtained: (1) The research on lamp design based on product semantics is based on the theory of product semantics. The luminaire design concept and design method further improve the existing luminaire design principles and methods, which is a new application of product semantics in the field of luminaires; (2) Product semantics of luminaire design is divided into functional semantics, indicative semantics, symbolic semantics In all three aspects, each aspect is closely related to the luminaire itself, and it is a design concept that can be actively guided. Of course, the basis is that the design should start from the user's needs (that is, the purpose of the design); (3) The luminaire design of product semantics should take into account the inheritance and innovative ideas. The principle of luminaire design and other products are like one exit, which comes from life and is higher than life. Therefore, the form, structure, function and cultural symbol of the luminaire should inherit the expression and guide the user's aesthetic customs; (4) proceed from the user, Functional semantics is the design tenet, indicative semantics is the design element, symbolic semantics is the design idea, and the luminaire design semantics of “user needs → designer expression → user understanding and feedback → designer re-expression → user re-understanding and feedback†is formed. Closed-loop system; (5) The principles and methods of product semantics pointed out here are useful for product development and design in other industries.
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