How is the Internet of Things connected?
The communication between people is close to the ceiling, and the communication between things and things has just entered the fast lane of growth. With the opening of emerging markets such as wearables, Internet of Vehicles, and smart meter reading, the concepts of Industry 4.0, Smart City, and Smart Agriculture are shining into reality, and the era of Internet of Everything is accelerating. Huawei believes that there will be 100 billion connections worldwide by 2025, most of which are related to the Internet of Things. The future of the Internet of Things (IoT) is full of imagination, and wireless connectivity technology is the bottleneck in the development of the Internet of Things.
Various alliances, various technologies, the key lies in the standardization of standards, which is conducive to industrial development.
The huge market space of the Internet of Things has spawned various alliances, and various chip manufacturers and equipment manufacturers have launched various connection technologies, such as short-distance communication technologies such as Bluetooth and ZigBee. The requirements of the Internet of Things for connectivity are very different from those of traditional cellular networks, mainly in terms of wide coverage, low power consumption, massive links, etc., while customers in the industrial sector prefer to be able to provide end-to-end compared to the individual consumer industry. Solution, perfect operation and maintenance support capability, stable and reliable solution provider cooperation with long life cycle. Based on this, the connection technology of the Internet of Things should have a completely defined protocol standard system, which should help the overall industry alliance to move forward more benignly. If the chip core technology is exclusive and exclusive, the agreement is private and there will be technical and security risks.
People and things need more connectivity to achieve controllability, which is calculated using the typical terminal production floor connection scale, and the resulting quantity will be 200,000 connections per square kilometer. Then a total of about 4,000 connections are required in a 100m*100m terminal manufacturing workshop. In such a high-density connection environment, if the traditional WiFi method is used to build, at least 140 APs are required (supporting 30 concurrent connections per AP). Due to the limited working mode of WiFi itself, each AP can only handle dozens of concurrent connections at most, which becomes a major bottleneck restricting the development of the Internet of Things.
In order to solve the problem of massive connection, the best way is to use 4.5G-based cellular IoT access. In the above connection environment, only one device can complete the coverage of the entire area, and the coverage rate reaches the WiFi mode. 140 times.
Based on 4.5G cellular IoT leads the new boom in the Internet of Things market
The mobile cellular network has the characteristics of wide coverage, mobility and large number of connections, which can bring more rich application scenarios and should become the main connection technology of the Internet of Things. However, the current 4G cellular network has insufficient ability to connect objects and objects. As an evolved technology of LTE, in addition to the peak rate of up to 1 Gbps, 4.5G also means more connections based on cellular IoT, support massive M2M connections and lower latency, which will boost HD video, VoLTE and Internet of Things. Such applications are rapidly spreading. The cellular Internet of Things is opening up a vast market that has never been seen before.
The 4.5G-based cellular IoT came into being. This emerging technology has the characteristics of wide coverage, multiple connections, low speed, low cost, low power consumption, and excellent architecture. It has great commercial potential. Machina predicts that the 4.5G-based cellular IoT will cover 25% of IoT connections in the future. The 4.5G-based cellular IoT will open up vast and emerging markets, bringing more than three times the growth of connectivity.
The 4.5G-based cellular IoT concept has been widely recognized in the industry as soon as it is proposed, and more and more industry giants such as Qualcomm and Ericsson have joined the standardization research in this direction. In order to promote the unification of standards to facilitate industrial development, the 3GPP finally reached an agreement in the RAN plenary meeting in September 2015, establishing NB-IoT as the only standard for narrow-band cellular Internet of Things, and projecting for the Work Item start agreement, which is expected to be 2016. The 3GPP R13 of the month is frozen.
Based on the 3GPP standard, it is the most advanced technology for LPWA for 4.5G/5G sustainable evolution.
The 4.5G-based cellular IoT is based on the 3GPP standard protocol framework and adopts advanced OFDM modulation technology. It has complete protocol specifications and test cases from bit level, signaling level, network level, terminal level and network equipment. The air interface technology has advanced performance. This is the result of many years of optimization by many manufacturers, and it is more conducive to the more benign development of the overall industry alliance.
Wide coverage
The 4.5G-based cellular IoT has significant advantages in IoT applications, and is unmatched by traditional cellular technology and short-distance transmission technologies such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. First of all, its coverage is wider. In the same frequency band, the 4.5G-based cellular IoT has a gain of 20dB over the existing network, and the coverage area is expanded by 100 times.
Massive joint
Secondly, the support capacity for massive connections, based on a 4.5G cellular IoT sector can support 100,000 connections. There are currently about 5 million physical sites around the world. Assuming that all 4.5G-based cellular IoTs and three sectors per site are deployed, the number of IoT terminals that can be accessed will reach 450 billion.
Ultra low power consumption
At the same time, the 4.5G-based cellular IoT consumes less power, only 1/10 of 2G, and the standby time of the terminal module can be as long as 10 years. The cost will also be lower, and module costs are expected to fall to $5. In the future, with the scale effect and technology evolution brought by the market development, power consumption and cost are expected to be further reduced.
In addition, in supporting big data, the data collected by the 4.5G-based cellular IoT connection can be directly uploaded to the cloud, while Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and other technologies do not have such convenience.
Building an ecological chain and embracing the Internet of Everything
A technology from paper to business is inseparable from a strong ecosystem. For a long time, the IoT connection technologies have been fighting each other, and the specifications adopted by the parties from the chip to the system have been different, resulting in bottlenecks for large-scale deployment.
Nowadays, the ecology around the 4.5G-based cellular IoT has taken shape, and in the continuous expansion, the conditions for embracing the Internet of Everything have begun to mature. In the vertical industry, more and more enterprise customers are beginning to adopt 4.5G-based cellular IoT technology to enhance their competitiveness. For example, deep coverage scenarios for smart meter reading, indoor precision positioning in smart manufacturing, and electronic tags for campus logistics. For example, smart trolleys with intelligent tracking, over-range alarm, electronic lock control, battery monitoring and other functions, as well as smart bicycles with position-positioning anti-theft function and information uploading and tracking functions. In addition, in the areas of municipal street lighting and waste management, environmental monitoring and livestock farming irrigation, the deployment of 4.5G-based cellular IoT is also increasing. Looking ahead, the 4.5G-based cellular IoT will be used in more industries, driving the Internet of Things to become commercially viable in the industry market.
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