Modern people have a fast pace of life and a high pressure for survival. Exercise and fitness have become an indispensable way of decompression. Green cycling has naturally become a popular fitness method. With the increasing demand for real-time data monitoring and motion data analysis by bicycle cyclists and professional athletes, a full set of intelligent riding equipment using Bluetooth Smart technology has emerged, and then the small series will use two articles to introduce in detail. technical details of these devices and scenarios.
The standard Bluetooth Smart kit developed for cyclists typically includes a heart rate monitor, a pedaling rate sensor and a wheel speed sensor. Top players also install a power meter on the crank of the bicycle to measure the power output of the player's movement. These devices collect data and send it to a dedicated Bluetooth Smart bicycle computer mounted on the handlebar or to a smartphone with the appropriate APP.
Data, data, data - important things to say three times!
For smarter training, the most important thing is the data! (Although this may be a bit unfair to the legs that are running hard...)
The bicycle computer analyzes the received data and translates it into the information the players need. The specific form, how to classify, and what information is displayed is configured by the developer to ensure that the data is maximized and displayed.
Bicycle computers can usually synchronize the riding data through the home network cloud server, so that it can be more powerfully analyzed and visualized through a more complete network or mobile APP. Therefore, the use of data can also be divided into two phases: in the middle of the ride and after the end of the ride.
Collect data and Bluetooth Smart enables real-time monitoring during cyclingThe main job of the heart rate monitor is to calculate and report the heart rate monitoring results in stages. If the device uses a Bluetooth profile (described in detail in Part 2) that stipulates that certain data items are optional, then the device can also acquire the data, such as how many kilojoules of energy it consumes, and when measuring heart rate, RR interval" and so on. The “RR interval†is the time interval between two R peaks in the ECG waveform, as shown in the following figure.
The pedaling rate sensor reports the cumulative crank revolutions along with the event timestamp, allowing the bicycle computer to calculate the current and average values ​​of the pedaling rate.
Similarly, the wheel speed sensor can report the cumulative number of wheel revolutions along with the time stamp to calculate the current and average values ​​of the wheel speed. What is more important for cyclists is that if the configuration in the bicycle computer has the function of accurately measuring the circumference of the wheel, the distance of the vehicle and the current and average values ​​of the driving speed can be measured.
Bluetooth Smart helps you achieve your training goals Some bicycle computers also perform more advanced data analysis and sensor data display during the ride. The small version of the PolarV650 can display a histogram of five heart rate intervals. During the ride, you only need to touch the screen with a light touch screen. Some cyclists (and runners) see heart rate training as one of the most important ways to improve overall performance. The histogram provides a quick and easy view of the actual load status of the athlete. All of these features are based on data transmitted in real time by Bluetooth Smart.
The time trial players strive to complete the race through the relatively short path at the fastest speed. This is also a good way to train. Xiaobian often trains on a 12-mile circular track, sometimes setting a shortest possible completion time to break his record. During the ride, I can view the current speed and average speed all the way. To break personal records, I have to achieve and maintain a certain average speed. For this I only need to compare the current speed with the average speed. If the current speed is faster, the average speed will be increased, and vice versa. This is technically easy to implement and the data is very helpful.
The power of psychological stimulation cannot be ignoredHigh quality data can both unconsciously affect us and consciously help us make decisions.
If the legs talk, they will definitely oppose, but all professional athletes believe that the psychological effect has a huge impact on sports performance. The Bluetooth bike sensor collects data and displays it on a bicycle computer, which can be extremely stimulating to the player. From the experience of Xiaobian, if the figures show that the current progress is going well, I will feel good and have more motivation to continue to maintain the results; if the data shows that I am not performing well, I will adjust more consciously to let my legs work. Reverse the status quo.
These powerful data also allow me to make better decisions in training and competition. The physical strength of the players is limited, so the physical distribution during the long schedule is especially important, including when to eat and drink. In the long distance race, the physiological feedback made by the body under huge consumption is actually very unreliable. Players need to make sure they don't move fast from the start, otherwise they will be physically weak after the race. They need to keep an eye on the distance traveled, retain physical strength for the difficult mountain roads ahead, and eat and drink at the right time, supplemented with energy.
End of the ride? No, the real analysis is just beginningAfter the end of the ride, whether the results are gratifying or terrible, the first thoughts of the exhausted players must be to quickly fall to rest. But training doesn't end there. Aspiring cyclists want to be able to export data for analysis in the future. Data can be synchronized from the bike computer to the cloud for more advanced analysis and data visualization. Below is a small series of mountain bike data analysis charts earlier this year.
Another interesting feature that Bluetooth Smart brings to the world of cycling is the ability for cyclists to directly receive and process data collected by bicycle sensors through various smartphone apps. Bluetooth Smart is currently used in almost all smartphones, so this feature is not difficult to achieve. There are already some bicycle computers on the market that use other patented wireless technologies. They also add Bluetooth Smart support to receive and display notifications from smartphones in their pockets.
ECU Connector Section.
ECU-MEM-CONNECTOR is used to connect the ECU-MEM to the DIAG-LAYER. This part of ODX also links the ECU-MEM-objects with DIAG-COMMS e.g. used to read idents, download or upload the data. It allows an ECU to be flashed using ODX.
There are nearly 100 kinds of connectors used in general automobiles, and hundreds of connectors are used in a single vehicle model. With the increasing demand for automobile safety, environmental protection, comfort and intelligence, the application of automotive electronic products is increasing, which will make the number of Automotive Connector applications increase.
Four basic structural components of automobile connector
1. Contact
It is the core part of automobile connector to complete the electrical connection function. Generally, the contact pair is composed of positive contact and negative contact, and the electrical connection is completed by inserting the female and male contacts. The positive contact is a rigid part, and its shape is cylindrical (round pin), square cylinder (square pin) or flat (insert piece). The positive contact is generally made of brass and phosphor bronze.
The female contact, namely jack, is the key part of the contact pair. It relies on the elastic structure to produce elastic force due to elastic deformation when it is inserted with the pin, and forms a close contact with the positive contact to complete the connection. There are many kinds of Jack structures, such as cylinder type (split slot, shrink mouth), tuning fork type, cantilever beam type (longitudinal slot, 9-shaped), box type (square socket) and hyperboloid linear spring jack.
2. Shell
Also known as the shell, it is the cover of automobile connector, which provides mechanical protection for the built-in insulation mounting plate and pin, and provides the alignment of plug and socket when inserting, so as to fix the connector to the equipment.
3. Insulator
Insulator is also called automobile connector base or insert. Its function is to arrange the contact according to the required position and spacing, and to ensure the insulation performance between contacts and between contact and shell. Good insulation resistance, voltage resistance and machinability are the basic requirements for selecting insulating materials to be processed into insulators.
4. Annex
Accessories are divided into structural accessories and installation accessories. Structural accessories such as snap ring, locating key, locating pin, guide pin, connecting ring, cable clamp, sealing ring, sealing gasket, etc. Install accessories such as screws, nuts, screws, coils, etc. Most accessories have standard parts and general parts. It is these four basic structural components that enable the automotive connector to act as a bridge and operate stably.
Application characteristics of automotive connector
From the use purpose of the automobile connector, in order to ensure the better driving of the car, we can divide the reliability of the connector into the sealing property in use and the fireproof performance in the driving of the car. In addition, in the driving of the car, the connector can also show the shielding performance and temperature control performance. In general, when discussing the sealing property of automobile connector, the sealing performance of automobile connector is not only for water.
In this field, the current international management standard is IP67, which is also the highest level in the automotive closure industry. Although the waterproof requirements are different in different parts of the car, many automobile manufacturers will choose IP67 to ensure the airtight performance of their car connectors.
In the driving of the car, power supply is a very important energy source, not only related to the normal work of the engine, but also often involved in the use of power supply in the process of driving. Therefore, in the automotive power system, the automotive connector has different division, between the male connector and the equipment, between the male connector and the cable, between the male and female connector, and between the female connector and cable, there are certain sealing measures that can be implemented.
Sealing ring is a common tool in the sealing performance of automotive connector. This tool can not only achieve the effect of fixing between different hole positions, but also achieve the sealing effect. It can not only ensure the stable operation of automobile equipment, but also ensure the waterproof performance of automobile equipment in work. Most of the sealing rings are made of silicone rubber, which is made of liquid silicon and solid silicon after certain chemical changes.
Now the car is in use, electronic circuit technology is an important aspect of the automotive industry, not only in the driver's entertainment, but also in the driver's driving car control system, electronic circuit technology plays an important role in the stable work of the car. In order to ensure the stable work of electronic circuit technology, people have applied a lot of shielding technology in automobile production.
These shielding technologies not only play a protective role in the electronic circuit of the automobile, but also have the ability of anti-interference and anti radiation in the parts of the car. In addition, they can also play a protective role for the stable work of the automobile connector. These can be divided into two types of external shielding and internal shielding.
When using external shielding to protect automobile connector, two identical shielding shells are usually assembled together to form a shielding layer, and the length of the shielding layer can cover the whole length of the connector. On the shielding layer shell, there should be enough locking plate structure to ensure the reliable installation of the shielding layer. In addition, the shielding materials used should not only be treated by electroplating, but also be treated to prevent chemical corrosion.
The future trend of automotive connector
At present, the global automotive connector industry accounts for about 15% of the connector industry. In the future, it is expected to take a larger proportion under the drive of automotive electronic products. In terms of product cost structure, the average cost of connectors used in each car in China is only a few hundred yuan, compared with that of foreign countries
ECU Connector Section
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