This article discusses the underlying ethical issues of the Internet of Things (IoT). First of all, the author briefly expounds the development status of the Internet of Things, including the prospect of the future development of the Internet of Things. Afterwards, the author focuses on the ethical issues brought about by the Internet of Things, including: informed consent, privacy, information security, personal safety, etc.
The article aims to highlight that these socio-ethical issues do not exist in isolation in IoT development, but converge and intersect in various ways.
Internet of Things
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an extension of the Internet through which countless terminal devices and facilities are interconnected. It is expected to become the next information revolution and may lead to social changes comparable to the Internet. By 2020, an estimated 2-5 billion device endpoints will be incorporated into IoT systems and are expected to attract more than $1.7 trillion in investment by 2020.
Specifically, the Internet of Things refers to a complex network of interactive and technological components built around three key elements: sensors, information processors, and actuators. It is this "power given by communication capabilities" that the network communication of the Internet of Things will fundamentally change the way we interact with technology. However, the penetration of the Internet of Things into our lives in the real world, whether it is public places or homes, apartment, office. In addition to convenience, what problems will the Internet of Things bring to society?
informed consent
Since the early 2000s, informed consent has extended from the medical field into the digital media context. In this extension, objects are transformed from patients to digital consumers. The main application is the informed consent of personal data (often collected by or shared with third parties, such as websites or smartphone apps).
In the context of the rapid development of the Internet of Things, the standard of "informed consent" needs to be established: that is, the establishment of an informed consent system for the acquisition, retention and sharing of personal data.
privacy
The intersection between privacy and IoT is that information companies collect vast amounts of user data from devices connected to the IoT and can analyze, share the data.
In one widely publicized case, for example, Target mined a customer's buying habits, predicted she was pregnant, and sent emails to sell baby products to her family. It turns out that the consumer was still in high school, and while she was actually pregnant, her family didn't know it until she got the mail.
Therefore, once we fully integrate our various end devices into the Internet of Things, people will inevitably worry that they have no privacy at all. Obviously, simply encrypting user information cannot solve all problems. It is true that user preferences and habits of products can be used to enhance the user experience, but at the same time, these big data can also be easily used to provide information that can be used for marketing or product development. However, this is unfair to users.
information security
The fundamental issue of information security for IoT is that many IoT components have sensors coupled to communicators. For example, cameras, microphones or other sensors acquire data from the environment and the coupled communicator transmits this data to eg the cloud or some proprietary server. Although information security is a fundamental right that users have, there is no shortage of cases to prove that, without the user's permission or explicit consent, the cameras and microphones of smart TVs and other smart devices in the user's home are remotely controlled, data is collected and sent back to the manufacturer's server analysis.
Personal safety
Compared with the intangibility of the "traditional Internet", the Internet of Things is directly connected with the devices in the real world. In addition to sensors and communications, many elements of IoT also include actuators, such as: in intelligent driverless vehicles, the car responds to the outside world: other vehicles, traffic lights and, for example, cyclists and pedestrians: acceleration, braking, etc. control.
Compared with the Internet, this Internet of Things technology has physical presence and capability, which will threaten the personal safety of passengers and pedestrians to a certain extent.
Therefore, in order to ensure the development of the Internet of Things, the government must supervise the Internet of Things technology in different fields, as well as formulate and implement corresponding security standards. At the same time, the responsible persons are clearly defined to ensure that there is a clear mechanism for civil or criminal liability.
To sum up, the social and ethical issues described above do not exist in isolation. In the context of the rapid development of the Internet of Things, various issues converge and intersect in different ways. For example, there are also considerable risks to privacy or information security if informed consent is not taken seriously. If privacy and information security cannot be guaranteed, there are also many risks in terms of personal safety. In fact, the discussion in this article is not comprehensive, whether it is military, race, and many other aspects worth discussing in the future.
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