"The biggest headache now is the shortage of batteries. We have negotiated with the battery suppliers to get rid of the shortage of battery supply next year. It is expected that the sales of Yidong EV will have a big increase." Changan New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd. Yong said. The shortage of power batteries not only plagues Changan Automobile, but has become a common phenomenon in the industry. Dr. Zhang Wei from China Battery Industry Association said that the enterprises that can produce power batteries are basically not selling well, and the products are very good to sell. From the overall situation of the industry, the situation that the battery supply is in short supply will continue for some time.
At present, there are more than a thousand battery manufacturers in China. In terms of quantity, the supply of batteries should be oversupply. However, the technical requirements and performance indicators of new energy vehicle power batteries are higher than those of industrial batteries and consumer electronics products. There are only about ten companies that can produce power batteries on a large scale. The more famous enterprises have CATL, Tianjin Lishen, and the country. Xuan Gaoke, Guangyu and so on. In the past two years, the sales of new energy vehicles have grown rapidly. The production capacity of these enterprises is obviously unable to meet the market demand. What causes the shortage of power batteries?
Battery factory has a long production cycle
"The growth rate of new energy vehicles is not expected. Such a high growth rate is far from being able to catch up with the growth rate of battery capacity." Wang Jiqiang, deputy chief engineer of the 18th China Electronics Technology Group, told reporters that "the battery is in short supply." The main reason is that the production capacity is insufficient. To solve this problem, we can only increase the investment. However, any investment has a cycle from the beginning to the output of the finished product, which is as short as one year and as long as two or three years. The battery supply in China will continue for a period of time. At present, many large battery factories have begun to build new plants, which may be eased within two years."
On August 20th, BAIC New Energy was put into operation at the assembly shop of Qingdao Laixi Base. According to the person in charge of the factory, some well-known domestic battery companies will be stationed around the Lacey base. From the construction progress point of view, the current battery plants in these plans will be completed around 2017. It is not difficult to see that the battery factory has a relatively long production cycle.
A battery expert said that under the general trend of battery manufacturers actively expanding production capacity, it is difficult for enterprises to put out extra energy for new battery research and development or technology upgrade. In the future, if new power batteries are introduced and industrialized, battery manufacturing equipment versatility Not high, many investment in domestic battery companies may face the threat of being wasted. The expert advised companies to know what batteries they are making now, and to understand and pay attention to what batteries will become mainstream in the future.
Car companies pay generally slow
Another reason for the shortage of batteries is that the payment cycle for auto parts companies is too long. Wang Zidong, director of the Power Battery Laboratory of the North China Vehicle Research Institute and the National 863 Electric Vehicle Major Power Battery Test Center, said that the entire vehicle company has a six- to eight-month accounting period, and few battery companies can stand up to six to eight. The arrival period of the month. He exemplified that a famous domestic car company developed a new car and received orders for 10,000 cars, each equipped with a 76-degree battery. The price of a group of batteries is more than 200,000 yuan, more than 2 billion yuan of battery, for six to eight months, the need for battery companies to invest more than one billion yuan into which one battery company can withstand first ten How many hundred million yuan? Now that battery companies are short of money, in the absence of their own turnover, no company can still put in more than one billion yuan to advance the previous funds, so there will be a shortage of batteries on the market.
In the traditional car field, the payment cycle for car companies to component companies is generally around half a year, and some even longer. Taking the engine factory as an example, a heavy-duty truck engine is about 50,000 yuan. According to the calculation of 1,000 units per engine, the engine enterprises need to advance nearly 50 million yuan in advance. However, if the battery price and the proportion of the total vehicle price, the battery provider often has to advance hundreds of millions of dollars in advance.
Hou Xiaohe, deputy general manager of Tianjin Lishen, told reporters that battery companies do face such difficulties, although this situation has improved somewhat in recent times, but it still exists. This year, the sales of new energy vehicles are hot. Now, car companies use a variety of methods to purchase batteries. Some will pay the advance payment, some will pay the deposit, and some will simply take the cash to pick up the goods. Because of the shortage of battery supply, the battery factory's voice is gradually increasing.
Battery quality needs to be improved
Since this year, many independent car companies have purchased batteries from foreign battery companies. When reporters asked them why, the heads of these car companies generally reported that the quality of foreign-funded batteries is relatively good. After group packaging, they are similar to the performance of individual cells in terms of performance, charge and discharge times. Compared with the domestic battery, the quality of the battery is lacking. In the context of the shortage of supply, the battery is more attractive.
Wang Zidong said that he visited the battery factory abroad and found that there are a total of 1,000 production control points for all power batteries. So many control points are almost astronomical for domestic companies. Almost all power battery manufacturers in China are unable to achieve such strict quality control levels, generally dozens of control points, and more than one hundred. Zhang Wei also said that because the domestic battery production process, some production process parameters are not required to be high in foreign counterparts, resulting in a large product difference, and battery differentiation is one of the most taboo shortcomings of the battery. In China's production of power batteries, enterprises should master all key processes, improve battery qualification rate and material utilization, and improve battery consistency and stability.
Compared with foreign battery factories, the automation level of domestic battery production needs to be improved. Wang Zidong said that China's power battery manufacturing process is not really automated, but automation of every step of the process. There are many quality hazards in this semi-automated production method. In addition, China's battery companies often test the quality after producing finished products. In foreign countries, quality inspection is performed automatically every step of the production process, which not only avoids useless work, but also avoids waste of materials and saves costs.
Do not repeat the tragedy of traditional cars
In addition to the independent production of batteries by BYD, BAIC New Energy and South Korea joint venture to produce batteries, most companies choose to purchase batteries supplied by power battery manufacturers because of the quality and performance of battery products. The reason is that most domestic companies are more inclined to choose multinational suppliers. Foreign-funded batteries in the domestic market "striking the city", highlighting the weakness of domestic batteries. We must be vigilant. As the core components of new energy vehicles, if foreign-funded batteries sweep the domestic enterprises to monopolize the market, China's new energy vehicles may follow the traditional automotive core technology.
From the history of the development of new energy vehicles in China, it is no later than foreign countries. At the earliest, during the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, the state established a new energy vehicle project. Later, in the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" and "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", China gradually determined the technical system of "three verticals and three horizontals" and strived to build a new energy automobile technology system with Chinese characteristics. As the core component of new energy vehicles, power batteries are the foundation of new energy vehicles, and are an area that cannot be avoided by any technical route, accounting for nearly half of the cost of the entire vehicle. In the past two years, domestic power battery manufacturers are obviously at a disadvantage in competition with foreign-funded batteries.
In addition to the reasons for the battery factory itself, we should be aware that the rise of the Korean battery industry is largely a result of the national strategy. This is the most lacking place for Chinese battery factories. Because the state subsidies and preferential policies are basically oriented to OEMs, battery factories can only enjoy the aftermath of the new energy vehicle policy dividends, and they have not really benefited from the new energy vehicle market. As a production unit of heavy assets, power battery companies are often stretched in capital, and enterprises are developing slowly.
"The parts are not strong, the whole vehicle is not strong." This is the experience that Chinese autobots have summarized from the development of China's auto industry for more than 30 years, and is now accepted and recognized by more and more people. According to relevant surveys, Japan is leading the way in terms of technology in terms of vehicle power battery development. Korea has the largest output value. Although China has a huge market, there are still gaps in technology and output value with other countries. The importance of batteries for the development of new energy vehicles need not be said. If the self-owned brands purchase foreign-funded batteries, and there is basically no essential difference between them and the traditional automobile field, they will all move toward the hollowing out of the core technology industry.
At present, China has a large number of battery research institutions and production enterprises, production equipment and technology are maturing, and the battery industry chain system has gradually improved, laying a foundation for large-scale market development. In the future development, we should work hard to form a strong local enterprise and build a unique competitive edge in the industry. In this regard, the national policy should focus on the merger and reorganization of enterprises, and end the domestic “small, scattered, chaotic†battery market structure as soon as possible to form a competitive large-scale battery enterprise. For the common equipment development projects urgently needed by the industry, the government has invested in the introduction of key technical equipment, and the enterprises have participated in centralized research and upgrading, and advanced research and development.
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