Analysis on the Structure and Mature Model of Smart Grid

A flexible and interactive power market is the ultimate embodiment of smart grid development. Although the current three-network convergence is very dynamic, it cannot be underestimated by the relatively proprietary and closed grid system, and its coverage is no less than that of any telecom and broadcasting operators.

At present, smart grid construction has become an important part of national economic and energy policies. The challenges facing China's power industry are: The transmission network security operation risk is severe, the distribution network power supply reliability needs to be improved, the impact of renewable energy is becoming more and more obvious, the grid anti-attack capability needs to be strengthened, and the power management pressure of power companies is increasing. There is still a distance to build a mature smart grid.

Unified service on the sensor

The smart grid connects various devices and assets through sensors to form a customer service bus, which integrates and analyzes information to reduce costs, improve the reliability of the entire power grid, and optimize operation and management. State Grid Corporation defines it as a unified and strong smart grid, that is, the principle of unified planning, unified standards, and unified construction, with UHV power grid as the backbone network, coordinated development of all levels of power grids, with information, automation, and interactive features. State Grid. "Unification" is the premise, "strong" is the foundation, and "smart" is the key.

Smart grid maturity model

Only by forming a strong network structure can we fully utilize the functions and functions of the smart grid.

The characteristics of the smart grid can be summarized in the following words: self-healing, interaction, optimization, compatibility, integration. Key technologies include power generation technology, power transmission and distribution technology, and electricity sales technology. The power generation technology segment currently has renewable energy generation technologies such as solar, wind, geothermal, tidal and biomass; and distributed generation and energy storage technologies. In addition to the traditional power supply service business, the smart grid also expands the business field for power companies, providing the possibility of business transformation driven by service innovation. Relying on the smart grid infrastructure, power companies can develop a variety of network-based value-added services while providing power services to users.

However, there are still some problems in the construction of smart grid in China: for example, the lack of timely tracking of user load information; the automation of distribution network still needs to be further strengthened; the distribution equipment is outdated. In addition, the government's support for smart grids is still unclear. So far, the research on the key technologies needed for smart grids is only corporate behavior. The state has not given policy support, nor has it developed the development of smart grids from the national level. strategy.

From power generation to power consumption

Power generation

The development goal of the power generation link is: Guided by the development strategy of “one special four majors”, guide the intensive development of power supply, coordinate and promote the development of large coal power, large hydropower, large nuclear power and large renewable energy bases; Improve the safe operation level of the power system; Implement energy-saving power generation dispatching, improve the utilization efficiency of conventional power sources; Optimize the power supply structure and power grid structure, and promote the scientific and rational use of large-scale wind power, photovoltaic and other new energy sources.

The corresponding key projects are the construction of wind power technology research centers and solar power technology research centers, and the strengthening of pumping and storage key projects and large-capacity energy storage demonstration projects. It is also necessary to carry out research and pilot work on sodium-sulfur batteries, superconducting energy storage device integration technology and complete sets of technology, accelerate the industrialization of energy storage technology, and develop flexible connection of megawatt and 10 megawatt energy storage systems in renewable energy. Demonstration applications into the grid.

Transmission

The technical route of the line link is to fully grasp the UHV AC-DC transmission technology, form the UHV construction standard system, accelerate the construction of UHV and various levels of power grids; carry out research on analysis, evaluation, diagnosis and decision-making technology, and realize the intelligentization of the status evaluation of transmission lines; An integrated information platform for the construction and operation of transmission lines, speeding up the research and application of line condition maintenance, life cycle management and intelligent disaster prevention technology; Strengthening flexible research on AC transmission technology.

The key projects are the UHV follow-up AC-DC project and cross-regional network construction, and the development and demonstration of key technologies such as UHV controllable reactors. In this process, it is necessary to fully implement line state maintenance and life cycle management to realize digital and visual design based on aerial survey and satellite positioning. In order to optimize the life cycle performance and indicators, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive disaster prevention and safety information sharing mechanism and technology platform to realize the monitoring, analysis and forecasting of natural disaster information that has a great impact on the line, and improve the comprehensive disaster prevention of the line. And safety substation support capabilities.

Substation

The focus of the transformation link is to formulate intelligent substation and equipment standard specifications. At the same time, it is necessary to build a smart grid panoramic information collection system, carry out research on unified information modeling of basic information, build a regional and wide-area comprehensive measurement and control protection system, and study various power sources and users. Access, exit, protection and isolation technologies.

Scheduling

The dispatching link aims to serve the safe operation of UHV large power grids, develop and construct a new generation intelligent dispatching technical support system, realize the panoramic information of operation information, network transmission of data transmission, dynamic evaluation of safety assessment, refined scheduling decision, automation of operation control, and electromechanical coordination. Optimized to form an integrated intelligent dispatch system to ensure safe, reliable, flexible and coordinated power grid operation, high quality and efficiency, and economic and environmental protection.

The composition of the smart grid

To achieve this goal, we need to pay attention to the following three key projects:

1. The construction of intelligent dispatch technical support system. The integrated intelligent dispatching system above the provincial level can improve the level of dispatching informationization, digitization, automation and interaction.

2. New energy access and regulatory capacity building. Realize the collection, monitoring and forecasting of new energy operation information such as large-capacity wind power and photovoltaic power generation, realize the coordinated operation of intermittent energy and conventional power supply, and ensure the effective acceptance of large-capacity new energy.

3. Construction of power communication networks and dispatch data networks. The five self-healing transmission ring networks covering the provincial networks will be focused on construction, thus improving the dual plane of the scheduling data network. The key project of the communication information platform is the State Grid Resource Planning System (SG-ERP).

Four levels of smart grid

Grid level

The ability to have strong self-healing and resistance to external interference is the basis for the development of smart grids. The system monitors the operation status of the whole network in real time, and uses the monitoring data to conduct continuous self-analysis and self-diagnosis, discover hidden dangers of power grid faults in time, and use automatic control means to eliminate the faults in the bud. Such a power grid can timely detect external factors such as temperature changes and power supply access, and thus adopt an intelligent means to actively respond. In addition, in the face of extreme natural disasters such as ice and snow, earthquakes, the power grid should have a high resistance to attack; after the system is out of power, the grid can respond quickly, restore power quickly and orderly, and minimize the impact of power outages.

The integrated power grid is characterized by the integration of wide-area cross-region AC and DC transmission and distribution across the country, allowing energy, data, and capital to “three streams” to achieve natural coexistence between the grid and the environment. This requires in-depth study of the safety theory and analysis methods of integrated power grids, the construction of intelligent dispatching platforms for grid transmission and distribution, and virtual operating platforms that conceive grid integration.

Environmental level

A clean, environmentally friendly energy structure is an inherent requirement for the development of smart grids. The power grid can be compatible with centralized power generation and distributed generation mode, support clean energy generation such as wind energy and solar energy, and access to grid energy storage equipment, and manage through a reasonable and complete system to complement each other between the micro grid and the UHV grid. And support.

The research on distributed generation (especially solar energy) technology and its access system includes the distributed generation technology itself and the impact on the system after access.

Management level

Grouped and efficient management is the guarantee for the development of smart grids. Uniform specifications and platforms help to integrate grid information, make power production and enterprise management more detailed and efficient standards and processes, and a comprehensive assessment system. In addition, managers should reasonably grasp the construction scale and construction sequence of the project, improve the investment efficiency of the power grid construction, realize the scientific development of the power grid, and effectively reduce the operation and maintenance costs.

Market level

A flexible and interactive power market is the ultimate embodiment of smart grid development. To this end, it is necessary to provide an open platform for the implementation of the electricity market, support the development of electricity trading, and provide quality services. On the basis of an open system and a shared information model, network interaction and instant connection can be formed between the user and the grid company, realizing the real-time, high-speed, two-way overall effect of data reading. Users choose their own optimal power supply plan according to their needs. Power companies encourage users to participate in power grid regulation through electricity prices. In the end, I hope to achieve multi-purpose development of power, telecommunications, television, remote home appliance control and battery integrated charging. How to better market? Our research directions include the following:

● Smart meter and its specification system;

● Advanced measurement management system based on smart meter;

● Dynamic electricity price research;

● User management and service technical support platform and two-way interactive platform;

● Smart grid demonstration community;

● Gradually carry out research on additional services such as smart grid;

● User-friendly theory system, the user-friendly grid is characterized by the effective use of various clean energy sources and users to participate in the interaction of "people, devices, networks";

● Intelligent marketing high-level software.

In short, although the smart grid has been regarded as advanced, it is also regarded by many people as the typical application of the Internet of Things, but it still has a certain gap from the real ideal state, and cannot be self-sufficient!

Extended reading one: the development status of foreign power grids

In terms of the development of power grids, the power demand in developed countries tends to be saturated. After years of rapid development of the power grid, the grid structure is stable and mature, and it has ample supply and distribution capacity.

The grid infrastructure technology in the United States is outdated and has stability problems; the grid bottleneck in the power market affects market efficiency; the grid security focuses on preventing blackouts and terrorist attacks. The age structure of employees in the power industry is aging. The United States mainly upgrades old and aging power facilities or relies on technical means to improve utilization efficiency, pay attention to the upgrade and update of power network infrastructure, and maximize the use of information technology to achieve the replacement of system intelligence and labor.

There are problems in grid interconnection between European countries, and different countries have different operating modes. Therefore, European countries are concerned about the development of renewable energy and distributed energy, and drive the transformation of the entire industry development model to meet wind, solar and biomass energy. The need for rapid development of renewable energy.

Extended reading two: three questions smart grid

Question 1: How to ensure the safe and stable operation of China's mega-connected power grid?

A: Measurement devices such as smart sensors and PMUs can enhance the monitoring of UHV grids; Advanced simulation tools can provide preventive analysis, risk assessment and decision support in response to complex operating environments such as UHV and Sanhua networking. In addition, intelligent control equipment can help solve the stability problem of large power grids.

Question 2: Under the huge asset scale of the power grid after years of development, how to improve investment efficiency, operational efficiency and operational efficiency, and achieve a transition to intensive and lean development mode?

A: Condition monitoring based on large-scale sensor deployment can provide more information to production and operation personnel to help optimize production and operation methods and reduce costs; technologies such as transmission dynamic limit can improve the optimal utilization of grid assets; Efficiency, extending asset life and reducing investment costs.

Question 3: As the world's largest utility company that is related to China's national energy security and the lifeblood of the national economy, how can we better serve customers, serve the society, and fulfill social responsibilities?

A: Renewable energy analysis technology can reduce the impact of randomness on dispatch planning, thereby promoting the development of renewable energy; Power companies can provide innovative energy service products, while creating social benefits, but also help to enhance the power industry Social image and enhance corporate social responsibility.

Linked to see

President Hu Jintao further clarified the specific content of the construction of the Internet of Things

On June 7, the 15th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the 10th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering were grandly opened in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the State, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission Hu Jintao attended the meeting and delivered an important speech. The part about the Internet of Things is as follows: “We must actively develop smart broadband wireless networks, advanced sensing and display, advanced and reliable software technologies, and build intelligent infrastructures consisting of sensor networks, communication facilities, network supercomputers, and intelligent software. The requirement of reliable and low-cost informationization, the construction of a ubiquitous information network system, making the industry based on data and knowledge an important emerging pillar industry, and promoting the national economy and social information."

Hu Jintao also said that information network science and technology should be vigorously developed. It is necessary to seize the opportunity of the development of the new generation of information network technology, innovate the information industry technology, drive industrialization with information technology, develop and popularize Internet technology, and accelerate the development of Internet of Things technology. At the same time, we should pay attention to the development of network computing and information storage technology, accelerate the construction of relevant infrastructure, actively research and develop and build a new generation of Internet, change the situation of China's information resources industry separation, core technology is subject to people, promote information sharing, and ensure information security.

China Internet of Things Standards Joint Working Group was established in Beijing

On June 8, the China Internet of Things Standards Joint Working Group was established in Beijing to promote the research and standards of Internet of Things technology. The joint working group is composed of 11 departments and subordinates of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Electronic Labeling Standard Working Group, the National Beacon Committee Sensor Network Standard Working Group, and the National Intelligence Standards Committee and other 19 relevant standardization organizations. In the establishment of the proposal, the joint working group stated that it is necessary to pour the power of the whole country and jointly promote the construction of China's Internet of Things standard system.

At present, in the field of Internet of Things technology, the relevant standards working groups that have been established or are in the process of being established in China only focus on their respective technical fields, but the standard setting processes are carried out independently and lack communication and coordination. The proposal clearly pointed out that the development of China's Internet of Things is still in its infancy, regardless of the independent formulation of the national standard, or the research and development and industrialization of core technology products and the demonstration of large-scale application are still in their infancy. The lack of standards and the weak industrial supporting ability of core technology products are still a problem that restricts the large-scale application of China's Internet of Things.

Zhang Qi, head of the Working Group on Electronic Labeling Standards of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, is the head of the joint working group and is responsible for coordinating the work of the standards groups. Zhang Qi said that the work of the Internet of Things standard involves all aspects. It is necessary to integrate relevant resources on the basis of the original work, carry out cross-departmental and inter-regional cooperation, strengthen coordination, and jointly promote. Zhang Qi finally said that in the joint working group of the Internet of Things standards, there is no leadership and leadership, each member working group needs mutual support and cooperation, and more relevant organizations are welcome to participate in the joint working group as observers.