With the development of various technologies derived from the combination of automotive technology, the development of car manufacturers and component manufacturers, and the establishment of specifications for LTE workshops and communication services, it is expected to accelerate the progress of vehicle networking applications, the vision of the Internet of Vehicles. Realization seems to be no longer out of reach...
At the end of 2015, the US Department of Transportation (DOT) announced that five years later, all new cars in the United States will be equipped with Internet-of-the-air (IoV) devices to prevent collisions, that is, vehicle-to-vehicles (vehicle-to- Vehicle, V2V) system development plan. Officials of the ministry said that the purpose of the Internet of Vehicles is to provide early warning of dangerous situations such as driving over two lanes, and it is expected to avoid or mitigate 80% of non-driving crash accidents. DOT and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) estimate that the draft will be officially finalized one year later. In the next four years, all light vehicles in the United States will be forced to install V2V vehicle networking devices.
The United States has proposed such a regulatory plan, which is quite ecstatic for semiconductor manufacturers or car manufacturers, right? Jeff Baer, ​​senior product marketing director at Cypress, said the future of the car network is quite positive. It is now widely seen on the market that original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and first-tier operators (TIer1) are pushing entertainment systems connected from Bluetooth mobile phones, or adding devices that support Wi-Fi and Bluetooth combinations, that is, It provides a very rich connection to local support for mobile devices in vehicles, including the screens required for driver devices, and the ability to connect to passenger devices to share media content and link to the Internet, a common feature in the evolution of the Internet of Vehicles. . It can be said that the vehicle has been considered by the industry to be one of the Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity devices, which is an important part of the next phase of the mobile Internet of Things.
As cars become the fourth C in the electronics technology industry outside of 3C, many semiconductor manufacturers have begun to enter the automotive electronics industry. Among them, Qualcomm's acquisition of NXP is an example; it is reported that Taiwan's electronic fifth brother also Has been invested in automotive applications related markets. Not only that, but various applications that can be derived from the combination of automotive and communication technologies are also in full swing, especially in the Release 14 standard released by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in the second quarter of 2017, which is aimed at LTE workshop popularization and communication. The specifications set by the service are expected to accelerate the development of the Internet of Vehicles application. Coupled with the strong push from the manufacturers and component manufacturers, it can be said that the realization of the vision of the Internet of Vehicles seems to be no longer out of reach.
Internet of Vehicles Inspires Unlimited Application ImaginationAlthough the concept of the Internet of Vehicles has not been a short period of time, it has made great progress in the near future. Zhan Xunqi, director of semiconductor marketing and application embedded systems at Texas Instruments (TI), pointed out that car networking is divided into car and car. The current development focuses on the relationship and interaction between driving and car, and the distance transmitted outside the car is also short distance. Mainly, there is the Release 14 standard that the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) will launch in the second quarter, and the Dedicated Short Range CommunicaTIons (DSRC), which is the IEEE 802.11p standard. In the future, 5G will also become one of the important communication technologies for the Internet of Vehicles.
Baer believes that joining wireless connectivity technology provides car manufacturers with unprecedented capabilities - a powerful link media that brings many exciting new infotainment and telematics functions to drivers and passengers while allowing information to be in the vehicle shared. And the weight of the car is always worth paying attention to, if the wire can be replaced by wireless technology, this will directly create savings in overall car weight and more efficient fuel consumption.
Today's vehicles also collect large amounts of dynamic performance, diagnostics and operational data, while high-performance Wi-Fi provides a powerful medium for service devices and downloads them from vehicles. Baer stressed that all of this will translate into powerful and exciting new features that the automotive industry will promote to consumers, allowing their mobile devices to be used directly in the car; for the semiconductor industry, the Internet of Vehicles is Wireless semiconductor technology is a bold new market that can be used in the development of smart phone connections in the past.
Qualcomm, which has significant investment and achievements in the smart phone industry, also believes that the company is committed to providing the most advanced technologies and products, and therefore hopes to apply smart phone related technologies to the automotive industry. As for Qualcomm's observation, the future car manufacturers' positioning of the car is "a smart phone with wheels", so it is expected that many smart phone related technologies can be applied to the car.
From Wi-Fi, Bluetooth to DSRC, 5G... and other communication technologies have been added to the car, not only will the development of many car networking applications, but also the existing car architecture.
Vehicle Management Architecture: Central VS Local Decentralization
At this stage, many cars are equipped with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). Each small system has electronic control unit (ECU) control to ensure that the auxiliary functions can bring the highest driving and road safety for driving and pedestrians. Zhan Xunqi said that in the era of car networking, not only more wired and wireless communication technologies, but also various sensors including radar and light (LiDAR) sensors, as well as chips for analyzing data, are needed.
Such a component architecture is bound to be relatively large, so many players such as Intel and NVIDIA are actively bringing their central processing unit (CPU) or graphics processing unit (GPU) into the car, and can borrow these computing powers. A powerful IC has become the main control core of various automotive systems.
This year's Las Vegas Consumer Electronics Show (CES), the high-performance processor developed by the personal computer (PC) industry has a lot of propaganda, emphasizing that the future of the car absolutely needs a powerful, computing power processor . For example, Qualcomm also co-operated with Panasonic Electronics at the beginning of this year to release the next-generation in-vehicle infotainment system; in addition, Qualcomm also cooperated with Audi, Ericsson, SWARCO Transportation Systems and the University of West Zelawton ( The University of Kaiserslautern conducted a joint test on the Honeycomb-V2X (Celluar-V2X). However, such a centralized structure, will the car factory really pay?
Zhan Xunqi pointed out that at present, every small system of the car is analyzed, managed, and responded by its own ECU, and then the results are reported to the so-called central master control system for recording, which is described as "local decentralization". The architecture has been widely recognized by the car manufacturer, and more importantly, no ECU can do all the functions of a car independently.
In fact, the integration of various functions of the car is not as "avant-garde" and easy as other industries think. With the existing automotive architecture analysis, it can be said that the modular architecture layer is responsible for the layer-up, which can reduce the computing burden of many total systems, and the response is also real-time. If a single powerful processor is responsible for all the issues, not only will the burden on the processor be a lot more, but the heat dissipation of the processor itself will be a big problem, let alone what to do after processing a large amount of data. Reaction information to the subsystem, how the transfer time between these becomes faster.
In the era of the Internet of Vehicles, the information that the car needs to receive and process is no longer a few hundred kb, but a huge amount of information. Multiple subsystems are processed individually or a single master chip is used to "control the whole situation." The highest level of security? It must be tested and certified by the car manufacturer and the market.
Infotainment system is also integrated into the car network
As mentioned earlier, when the Internet of Vehicles has not yet developed, the Infotainment system is the first part of the car to add networking capabilities through personal mobile devices. Of course, the car infotainment system will also play an important role in the car networking application or architecture in the future.
Chen Ziliang, senior product manager of Silicon Labs, said that according to statistics, the auto market has about 100 million units of shipments per year, and the Internet of Vehicles is bound to change the car infotainment system and generate more application scenarios. The future of semiconductor manufacturers is a battleground. For example, as the European Union wants to gradually deactivate traditional analog FM (FM) broadcasting, it will fully enable digital audio transmission (Digital Audio BroadcasTIng, DAB); Norway has taken the lead in responding to the full suspension of FM service in 2017. The UK is expected to be phased out by 2020; the United States also plans to discontinue FM broadcasting to switch to digital broadcasting systems; mainland China even launches its own standard China Digital Broadcasting (CDR); India is planning to adopt the Global Digital Broadcasting (DRM) standard. It can be seen that the digitization of the broadcast signal has been on the line.
Not only that, but the full digitization of the broadcasting system means that information can be transmitted to the car through the broadcasting system. Chen Ziliang believes that the current automotive system has been used to collect traffic information through AM (AM) and FM or DAB systems. With ADAS, more applications will turn from imagination to reality. In the future, the car network architecture will be formed. Many communication technologies, such as the latest 5G communication, will be put into the car, which will not only put more intelligent mobile phones or personal computer entertainment applications into the car, but also let the digital broadcasting system in the car. Further transfer of images or video data to enhance the entertainment experience and driving safety in the car.
Figure 1: The era of car networking requires greater security to reduce the likelihood of data being hacked (Source: Infineon)
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