Today, I will talk about cloud computing, big data and artificial intelligence. Why do you talk about these three things? Because these three things are very hot now, and they seem to have a relationship with each other: when talking about cloud computing, when it comes to big data, when it comes to artificial intelligence, it will raise big data, when it comes to artificial intelligence, it will mention cloud computing... ...feeling that the three complement each other and are inseparable. But if it is a non-technical person, it may be difficult to understand the relationship between the three, so it is necessary to explain.
Let's start with cloud computing. The initial goal of cloud computing is to manage resources. The main management areas are computing resources, network resources, and storage resources.
1, the tube data center is like a computer
What is computing, networking, and storage resources?
For example, if you want to buy a laptop, do you want to care about what kind of CPU this computer is? How much memory? These two are called computing resources.
To access the Internet, this computer needs to have a network port that can be plugged into a network cable, or a wireless network card that can connect to our router. Your home also needs to open a network to operators such as China Unicom, mobile or telecommunications, such as 100M bandwidth. Then there will be a master to get a network cable to your home, the master may help you configure your router and their company's network connection. This way all your computers, mobile phones, and tablets can go online through your router. This is the network resource.
You may also ask how big the hard drive is? In the past, the hard disks were very small, and the size was 10G. Later, even the 500G, 1T, and 2T hard disks were not new. (1T is 1000G), this is the storage resource.
This is the same for a computer, the same for a data center. Imagine you have a very, very large computer room with a lot of servers, which also have CPU, memory, hard disk, and Internet access through router-like devices. The question at this time is: How do people who operate data centers manage these devices in a unified manner?
2, flexibility is to want to have time to have, how much you want
The goal of management is to achieve flexibility in two areas. What are the two aspects?
To give an example to understand: For example, if someone needs a small computer, only one CPU, 1G memory, 10G hard disk, and one megabyte of bandwidth, can you give it to him? Like this small-sized computer, now a laptop is stronger than this configuration, and it is necessary to pull a broadband at home to 100M. However, if you go to a cloud computing platform, he wants this resource, as long as it is there.
In this case it can achieve two aspects of flexibility:
Time flexibility: When do you want to be when you want it, when you need it, you will come out;
Spatial flexibility: How much you want. Need a computer that is too small to be satisfied; need a very large space such as a cloud disk, the space allocated by the cloud disk to each person is very large, and there is space at any time to upload, and it can never be used. of.
Spatial flexibility and time flexibility, which we often call the flexibility of cloud computing. The problem of solving this flexibility has gone through a long period of development.
3, physical equipment is not flexible
The first phase is the physical device period. Customers need a computer during this period, and we buy one in the data center.
Physical devices are of course more and more cattle, such as servers, memory is a hundred G memory; for example, network devices, a port can have a bandwidth of tens of G or even hundreds of G; for example, storage, at least PB level in the data center ( One P is 1000 T and one T is 1000 G).
However, physical devices cannot achieve great flexibility:
The first is that it lacks time flexibility. I can't reach when I want to be. For example, if you buy a server or buy a computer, you must have time to purchase it. If suddenly the user tells a cloud vendor that he wants to open a computer and use a physical server, it is difficult to purchase at the time. A good relationship with a supplier may take up to a week, and a general relationship with a supplier may require a month of purchase. The user waited for a long time before the computer was in place, and the user had to log in and slowly start deploying his own application. Time flexibility is very poor.
Second is its spatial flexibility. For example, the above users need a very small computer, but now there are such small models of computers? Can not meet the user as long as a G memory is 80G hard drive, go buy a small machine. But if you buy a big one, you will need to collect more money from the user because the computer is big. However, the user needs to use only a small amount, so it is very embarrassing to pay more.
4, virtualization is more flexible
Someone will find a way. The first method is virtualization. Isn't the user a small computer? The physical devices in the data center are very powerful. I can virtualize a small piece from the physical CPU, memory, and hard disk to the customer, and can also virtualize a small piece to other customers. Each customer can only see the small piece of their own, but in fact each customer uses a small piece of the entire large device.
The virtualization technology makes the computers of different customers appear to be isolated. That is, I looked like this plate is mine. You look at this plate is yours, but the actual situation may be that my 10G and your 10G are on the same large and large storage. And if the physical devices are ready in advance, the virtualization software virtualizes a computer very fast and can be solved in a matter of minutes. So to create a computer on any cloud, it will come out in a few minutes, that's the reason.
This spatial flexibility and time flexibility are basically solved.
5. Making money and feelings in the virtual world
In the virtualization phase, the most bullish company is VMware. It is a company that implements virtualization technology earlier and can virtualize computing, networking, and storage. This company is very good, the performance is very good, the virtualization software is selling very well, making a lot of money, and later let EMC (the world's top 500, the first brand of storage manufacturers) to buy.
But there are still many people in the world who have feelings, especially in the programmers. What do people with emotions like to do? Open source.
There are many closed-source sources in the world, and the source is the source code. In other words, a certain software is doing well, everyone loves to use it, but the code of this software is closed by me, only my company knows, others don't know. If other people want to use this software, they have to pay me, this is called closed source.
But there are always some big cows in the world who can't get used to money and let a family earn. The big cows think that you will know me this technology; you can develop it, I can. I developed it is not to collect money, the code is taken out and shared with everyone, who can use it all over the world, all people can enjoy the benefits, this is called open source.
For example, the recent Tim Berners-Lee is a very affectionate person. In 2017, he won the 2016 Turing Award for "inventing the World Wide Web, the first browser, and the basic protocols and algorithms that allowed the World Wide Web to expand." The Turing Award is the Nobel Prize in the computer world. However, his most admirable is that he freely contributed the World Wide Web, which is our common WWW technology, to the world for free. All of our current online behaviors should be thanked for his credit. If he uses this technology to collect money, he should be almost as rich as Bill Gates.
There are many examples of open source and closed source:
For example, in the world of closed source, there is Windows. Everyone has to pay for Microsoft with Windows; Linux appears in the open source world. Bill Gates made a lot of money by relying on closed-source software such as Windows and Office. It is called the world's richest man, and Daniel has developed another operating system, Linux. Many people may not have heard of Linux. Many programs running on the back-end server are on Linux. For example, everyone enjoys double eleven, whether it is Taobao, Jingdong, Koala... The system that supports the double eleven snaps is running. On Linux.
If there is Apple, there is Android. Apple's market value is high, but the Apple system code we can't see. So there is a big cow wrote the Android mobile phone operating system. So you can see almost all other mobile phone manufacturers, which are loaded with Android. The reason is that the Apple system is not open source, and Android can be used by everyone.
The same is true for virtualization software. With VMware, this software is very expensive. Then there are two open source virtualization software written by Daniel. One is called Xen and the other is called KVM. If you don't do technology, you can ignore these two names, but you will mention it later.
6, fully automated semi-automatic and cloud computing
To say that virtualization software solves the problem of flexibility is not entirely correct. Because virtualization software generally creates a virtual computer, it is necessary to manually specify which physical computer the virtual computer is placed on. This process may also require more complex manual configurations. So using VMware's virtualization software, you need to test a very good certificate, and the person who can get this certificate, the salary is quite high, but also the complexity.
Therefore, the cluster size of physical machines that can only be managed by virtualization software is not particularly large, generally in the scale of a dozen, dozens, and hundreds.
This aspect will affect time flexibility: although the time to virtualize a computer is very short, as the size of the cluster expands, the process of manual configuration becomes more and more complex and time consuming. On the other hand, it also affects space flexibility: when the number of users is large, the size of this cluster is far less than how much it wants. It is likely that this resource will soon be used up and it will have to be purchased.
Therefore, as the size of the cluster grows larger, it is basically thousands of starts, tens of thousands, or even tens of millions. If you check BAT, including Netease, Google, Amazon, the number of servers is scary. It is almost impossible for so many machines to rely on people to choose a location to put this virtualized computer and configure it accordingly. It still needs a machine to do this.
People have invented a variety of algorithms to do this, the name of the algorithm is called Scheduler. Generally speaking, there is a dispatch center. Thousands of machines are in a pool. No matter how many CPUs, CPUs, and hard disks the user needs, the dispatch center will automatically find a place in the big pool to meet the needs of users. Start the virtual computer and configure it, the user can use it directly. At this stage we call pooling or clouding. At this stage, it can be called cloud computing. Before that, it can only be called virtualization.
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