In 2008, a 337 investigation on light-emitting diodes (LEDs) caused widespread concern in various fields in China. CCTV, Phoenix TV and other major media rushed to report. The 337 investigation involved a very large range of companies, including 34 global companies including LG Electronics, Motorola, Nokia, Samsung, Sony, Toshiba and other international brands are on the list of alleged. On April 18, two domestic companies involved in the case, Shenzhen Zhoulei Electronics Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Shenzhen Zhoulei) and Guangzhou Hongli Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Guangzhou Hongli) jointly led by China Semiconductor Lighting Engineering R&D and Industry Alliance. Respond.
The investigation was initiated by the University of Columbia retired professor Gertrude Neumark Rothschild on February 20, 2008 to the US International Trade Commission (ITC), suing the LED and laser products sold by the company in the US allegedly infringing one of its patents (Patent No.: 5252499) and asked to initiate a 337 investigation. ITC officially filed on March 20.
The plaintiff's application for the investigation included six mainland Chinese companies. In the end, ITC determined that the survey targets were four (Super Yiguang Electronics, Jiaguang Electronics, Guangzhou Hongli Optoelectronics and Shenzhen Zhoulei), among which Super Yiguang Electronics and Jiaguang Electronics finally gave up. Responded and settled with the plaintiff, while Guangzhou Hongli and Shenzhen Zhou Lei chose to respond.
According to the State Intellectual Property Office, the case involved an export value of more than 100 million US dollars. At present, there are 1,700 companies related to the LED industry chain in China. If the ITC decides that the Chinese company has lost the case, ITC may issue a general exclusion order. During the validity period of the plaintiff's patent, the LEDs produced by Chinese companies and the downstream products containing LEDs will be completely banned from exporting to the US.
Interpretation of patents involved in the incident
From a technical point of view, the patent application involved in this investigation is only for II-VI semiconductors, not for III-V semiconductor materials such as GaN. This is clearly stated in the patent documents, including the main rights. Requirement 10 is clear for the II-VI semiconductor material (claim 11 attached to claim 10). At the request of the complainant's lawyer, the claim was deliberately avoided, and the claims attached to claim 10 of claims 12, 14, 15, 16 and the like were protected.
Therefore, for the purposes of its patent application, the claims of this patent focus on the II-VI compound semiconductor material system, and currently semiconductor lighting products are mainly concentrated in III-V semiconductor material systems, such as nitrides, especially disputes. The short-wavelength LEDs and LDs mentioned are concentrated in GaN system materials.
According to Liu Wei, president of Wuhan Huacan Photoelectric Co., Ltd., from the invention time of this patent, it was all in 1988, mainly protecting a semiconductor doping technology of II-VI. This material has no industrial application at present, although It used to be a research hotspot. At present, LED industrial products are almost all prepared with III-V semiconductor materials. There is almost no correlation with these two patents. Therefore, from a professional point of view, the prosecution has no chance of winning, if the indicted party goes to respond. What really threatens China's related companies should be those technology-leading US LED companies, because their technology is indeed very relevant to the technology we are now common.
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Electric Cable can be divided into building wires and flexible cables
Building wires can also be divided into three types according to the hardness of conductors.
H05V-U/H07V-U voltage class 300/500 or 450/750V. It is the most commonly used connection line for household wiring, mainly used for power supply, lighting, sockets, air conditioners and other daily household lines
H05V-R/H07V-R voltage grade is 450/750V, which can be used for home lighting lines. It is good to use when the wiring is soft and the circuit turns too much, which is convenient for electricians to wear pipes.
H05V-K/H07V-K voltage class 300/500V or 450/750V household decoration is generally not used, and it is suitable for flexible installation sites with strict requirements, such as electrical control cabinets, distribution boxes and various low-voltage electrical equipment.
What is a flexible copper cable?
Copper flexible cables are commonly used to connect portable equipment and appliances. Their flexibility allows them to withstand the movements or vibrations present in a particular application.Flexible copper cables are made from multiple strands of fine copper wire. The conductor is made of normal annealed copper of category 4 and 5. The cable has more than 6 different coloured cores. The insulation and sheath material must have the usual electrical and physical properties. Flexible copper wire is also soft, oil resistant, low temperature resistant and flame retardant.
Construction
Conductor: Multistrand copper wireInsulation: PVC
Sheath: PVC
Associated voltage: 450/750V
Jacket colour: black, grey, white
Applications and features.
Power cables are suitable for use in wet and dry areas, conduits, pipes, slots, trays, antennas supported by messengers, and where excellent electrical performance is required. These cables are capable of continuous operation at conductor temperatures up to 90°C (normal operation in wet and dry locations), 130°C (emergency overload) and 105°C (short circuit conditions). 1/0 AWG and larger are rated for CT use.Household Electrical Wire,Household Application Copper Wire,House Wring Electric Wire,House Building Electric Wires
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