The so-called biometric technology is the combination of computer and optical, acoustic, biosensor and biostatistical principles, using the inherent physiological characteristics of the human body (such as fingerprints, faces, irises, etc.) and behavioral features (such as handwriting). , voice, gait, etc.) to identify individuals.
Biometric technology identifies an individual's identity based on the characteristics of the human body, such as fingerprints, sounds, and the like. Currently, there are many biometric technologies available for identity authentication. Here, we describe how most popular biometric techniques work and make simple comments about their ability to capture, extract features, compare and compare.
1. Iris recognition technology
The iris is a fabric-like ring of color in the pupil of the eye. Each iris contains a unique feature based on crowns, crystals, filaments, spots, structures, pits, rays, wrinkles, and stripes. Structure, it is claimed that no two irises are the same. The iris scanning security system includes a fully automatic camera to look for your eyes and focus on the iris as it is found. It is not acceptable to deceive the system by blinking.
advantage
User-friendly; may be the most reliable biometric technology, although it has not been tested; only the user is in front of the device without physical contact.
Disadvantage
One of the most important drawbacks is that it has not been tested. The current iris recognition system uses only statistical principles for small-scale experiments, but has not been tested in the real world for unique authentication; it is difficult to obtain image acquisition equipment. Dimensional miniaturization; expensive cameras are required for focusing, and the minimum price for one such camera is $4,000; the lens may distort the image and greatly reduce reliability; black eyes are extremely difficult to read; need a better Light source.
2, retina recognition technology
The retina is also a feature used for biometric identification. Some people think that the retina is a unique biological feature than the iris. Retinal recognition technology requires the laser to illuminate the back of the eye to obtain the uniqueness of the retinal features.
advantage
The retina is an extremely fixed biological feature because it is "hidden" and therefore not subject to wear, aging or disease; the user does not need direct contact with the device;
It is one of the most difficult systems to deceive because the retina is invisible and therefore not forged.
Disadvantage
Retinal technology has not been tested. It is clear that retinal technology may cause health damage to the user, which requires further research; for consumers, retinal technology is not attractive; it is difficult to further reduce its cost.
3, facial recognition
Facial recognition technology recognizes facial features and their relationships. Recognition techniques are very complex based on these unique features. This requires artificial intelligence and machine knowledge learning systems, two techniques for capturing facial images. Standard video and thermal imaging technology. Standard video technology captures an image of a face or a series of images through a standard camera. After the face is captured, some core points are recorded, for example,
The position of the eyes, nose and mouth and their relative position are recorded and then form a template; thermal imaging techniques produce facial images by analyzing the hot lines generated by the blood of the capillaries of the face, unlike video cameras, thermal imaging techniques It does not need to be in a good light source condition, so it can be used even in the dark. An algorithm and a neural network system plus a transformation mechanism can turn a fingerprint image into a digital signal, ultimately producing a matching or mismatched signal.
advantage
Facial recognition is non-contact, the user does not need direct contact with the device; although the video camera on the desktop can be used, only the more advanced camera can capture the facial image at high speed;
Disadvantage
The location of the user's face and the surrounding light environment may affect the accuracy of the system; most people who study biometrics recognize that face recognition is the least accurate and the most vulnerable to deception; the improvement of facial recognition technology relies on extraction Features and alignment techniques are improved, and devices that capture images are much more expensive than their technology; for changes in the human face such as hair, ornaments, aging, and other changes that may need to be compensated by artificial intelligence, machine learning must be Continuously compare previously acquired images with current ones; to improve core data and make up for small differences; it is difficult to further reduce its cost, we must sell high quality equipment at an expensive cost.
4, signature recognition
Signatures have been used as a means of identity authentication for hundreds of years, and we are all familiar with signing in the bank's format form as a sign of our identity. Digitizing a signature is a process of measuring the image itself and the entire signature—the different speeds, sequences, and pressures between each letter and letter, as well as signature recognition and voice recognition, is a behavioral measure.
advantage
The use of signature recognition is more easily accepted by the public and is a recognized technology for identity recognition.
Disadvantage
As experience grows, temperament changes and lifestyle changes, signatures change as well; in order to deal with the unchangeable natural changes of signatures, we must compromise on security; because signatures are not fast, we It can't be used on the Internet; the tablet used for signing is complicated and expensive because it has a big difference from the resolution of the touchpad of a laptop, and it is technically difficult to combine the two; it is difficult to Its size is miniaturized.
More information and technical information on biometric identification can be found in the Designs of Week section of the Electronic Enthusiast Honor:
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