The working principle of the laser in this system is different from that in other applications. The laser beam triggers the excited state of the phosphor in the headlights, causing the headlights to illuminate. This "change" of the laser is called "conversion." Phosphors are high performance ceramic materials containing phosphorus compounds. The total output depends on the geometry, material, processing performance and optical properties of the converter unit, so these parameters are the focus of current development activities.
The working principle of the laser and the potential light function in the headlight
Why is the laser suitable for cars?
At present, automobile headlights mainly use three kinds of light technologies: halogen lamps, xenon lamps (gas discharge lamps) and led lamps . Laser technology is a new thing in this area, why are developers now turning their attention to this technology? Like LEDs, laser diodes are optoelectronic semiconductors that produce light in a similar manner. But in a strict sense, LEDs emit light over an angular range, meaning that the farther away from the source, the wider the beam. Laser diodes emit light from a very small surface with a relatively minimal beam divergence. Because of the extremely high density of the laser, it produces a very small spot on the converter, enabling a compact headlight design with a narrower beam and a longer distance. In the end, new design possibilities can be created.
The laser-based headlights produce a high beam with a diameter of only 30 mm and a luminous intensity of up to 100,000 cd. In contrast, the commonly used halogen headlights require a diameter of 220 mm (approximately seven times) to achieve the same effect.
Challenging environment: the automotive industry
In the automotive industry, the performance requirements and the requirements of the car manufacturer are very high: the light source must not only withstand the temperature fluctuations in the headlights (from minus 40 degrees to 80 degrees above zero), but also withstand high humidity. In addition, it must be able to resist strong vibrations for a long time.
As a global market leader in automotive light sources, OSRAM has accumulated extensive experience in lighting products such as LED and xenon lamp technology, and has benefited from these experiences when meeting these requirements.
In order to install the laser on a mass-produced car, in addition to the above technical challenges, many safety and certification issues must be overcome. Several safety systems are integrated into the BMW headlights to ensure that under normal operating conditions, the laser does not leak out of the headlights, which can harm the human eye. These systems have been carefully designed to ensure that the laser will be immediately deactivated when the headlights are damaged.
The reasons for these strict security measures are as follows: In cars, the lighting system is strictly regulated because its purpose is to enhance safety and avoid jeopardizing other traffic vehicles or pedestrians. Therefore, the laser high beam is only allowed to emit 200,000 cd like the headlights of other light sources, which means that the glare level is the same, and the driver can fully enjoy the advantages of the laser.
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