Introduction: Transistor, as its name suggests, is a transistor with three poles. It has been widely used in various circuits and has become an indispensable part of our life. This article details the principle of triode and its related knowledge. Look at it~
First, triode principle - - introduction
Triode, the English name is Triode, is the abbreviation of semiconductor triode, also known as crystal triode, bipolar transistor, is a common basic component in the circuit, mainly used to complete the amplification of weak signals, by the pudding, cloth The three doctors of Leiden and Xiao Clay were successfully developed in 1947. The emergence of triodes has driven the development of the semiconductor electronics industry, and has also led to the emergence and widespread application of integrated circuits and large-scale integrated circuits.
Second, triode principle - - structure
The triode is actually two PN junctions, which divide the semiconductor into three parts: the emitter area, the base area and the collector area. The three ports of the emitter, the base and the collector are formed. According to the arrangement, the PNP type can be divided into two types. And NPN type. The constituent materials of the triode can be divided into silicon or germanium. In general, the NPN type triode is mostly made of silicon material, and the PNP type triode is mostly made of germanium structure. The triode principle of the two structures is roughly the same, then we use the NPN type. The triode is taken as an example to describe the principle of the triode.
Third, the principle of NPN type triode
The structure of the NPN type triode is shown in the following figure. According to its structure, its working principle can be roughly divided into three steps. First, the emitter emits electrons to the base. We connect the power supply through the resistor Rb to the emitter junction, so that the emitter junction is positive. To the bias, the majority of the carriers in the emitter region continuously move toward the base region to form an emitter current. Second, the electrons move in the base region, and electrons are scattered at the emitter junction to form an electron concentration difference, causing the electrons to move and Gradually gather at the collector junction; finally, the collector region collects electrons in the base region, and the collector voltage is applied to the collector region by the electric field force to form a collector current due to the collector junction and the reverse voltage.
According to the above working principle, the triode is manufactured so that the majority carrier concentration of the emitter region is larger than that of the base region, and at the same time, the base region is made thin, so that there is only a small amount of collector current. A part of the electrons recombine in the base region, that is, a small current supplied from the base is converted to a collector current and then expanded by a certain multiple to complete its current amplification.
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