The third wave of the information revolution is quietly coming and will eventually change the way society, business, communities and individuals live. This information revolution is both the Internet of Things and the latest version of the new generation of Internet and ubiquitous computing models. The Internet of Things involves a very wide range of information industry technologies to enable the Internet of Things to reach global connectivity and the ability to communicate with anyone and everything, anytime, anywhere. Among them, wireless sensor network (WSN) technology has attracted much attention.
Wireless sensor networks are typically composed of spatially distributed and independent network nodes. The node contains sensors to monitor the physical or environmental conditions of the node, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion, or contaminants. Each node typically carries a radio transceiver or other wireless device communication device to transmit sensory data to the database and other users over the network. In this way, the wireless sensor network can be used for data collection (Data CollecTIon), object tracking (Object tracking), and alarm monitoring (Alarm monitoring).
In the past few years, great progress has been made in the development and application of wireless sensor network technology at home and abroad. This is especially true in markets such as home automation, industrial automation, building control, smart metering and power management. At the same time, standards development for wireless sensor networks is progressing rapidly, greatly reducing the complexity of smart sensors and wireless sensor networks. For example, the International Federation of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Working Group 1451 (IEEE 1451) established a smart sensor plug-and-play standard that enables all standards-compliant sensors and other instruments. Work with the system.
This set of standards is known as the IEEE 1451 intelligent sensor (including sensors and drivers) interface standard, including different standards defining different interfaces for connecting sensors and microprocessors, instrumentation systems, and controlling off-site networks. Among these standards, the IEEE 1451.5 part is the focus of many current R&D activities. The IEEE 1451.5 section specifies technologies that enable 1451-compatible sensors and other devices to communicate wirelessly.
The IEEE is currently developing two standards IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.15 for wireless personal area networks (ie, WPAN). Among them, the IEEE 802.15.4 standard is gradually accepted as the standard for physical layer and media access control of low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs). In addition, there are two industry standards based on IEEE 802.15.4 in the field of wireless sensor networks: ZigBee and WirelessHART. ZigBee is a wireless technology developed as an open global standard developed to address the special needs of low-cost, low-power wireless sensor networks. The standard leverages the IEEE 802.15.4 wireless transceiver physical layer specification and uses a frequency range that operates globally without special permission: 2.400 - 2.484 GHz, 902 - 928 MHz and 868.0 - 868.6 MHz; WirelessHART is another An open standard wireless network technology developed by the HART Communication Foundation. The protocol uses a time-synchronized, self-organizing and self-healing mesh network structure. The protocol currently supports radio media using the IEEE 802.15.4 standard and operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM band.
In addition, other industry standards and proprietary systems may also be the choice for implementing wireless sensor network technologies. For example, EnOcean is a wireless communication system widely used in the field of building automation. It is also considered a technology that may be used in wireless sensor networks, but it has not been standardized by any recognized standardization body. Z-Wave is a proprietary wireless communication standard designed for home automation, specifically for remote control applications in home and light commercial environments. The technology is embedded or packaged in low-power wireless transceivers into home electronics and systems such as lighting systems, home access control systems, entertainment systems and home appliances. This technology has been standardized by the Z-Wave Alliance. The Z-Wave Alliance is an alliance between international manufacturers that coordinates the compatibility of Z-Wave products and devices.
At the same time, some existing standards are being modified to accommodate wireless sensor network technology. For example, the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) standard based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, called the WiFi standard, has been added with a version that supports low power consumption, so-called low power WiFi, for implementing wireless sensor network technology.
According to data from the US Patent Office, in the wireless sensor network technology, the United States has the most authorized patents, followed by Japan, Canada, South Korea and France. At the same time, the United States also has the most open patent applications, followed by South Korea, Japan, Sweden and Taiwan. The total number of patents issued by the United States is still increasing year by year. The number of patents promulgated in 2009 is more than twice that of 2005. This indicates that the research and development activities of wireless sensor network technology have been very strong in recent years.
For example, according to the company's patent distribution, the top 15 companies in the wireless sensor network technology are: Cisco, Ericsson, Fisher-Rosemount, and General Electric ( GE), Honeywell, IBM, Intel, Mircosoft, Motorola, NEC, Nokia, Philips, Samsung (Samsung) ), Siemens (Siemens) and Sony (Sony). Among them, Nokia has the largest number of authorized US patents, followed by Motorola, Intel and Microsoft; Samsung has the largest number of published US patent applications, followed by Honeywell, Microsoft, Motorola and NEC . In addition, it is worth noting that IBM is currently one of the leading companies in the Internet of Things.
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