Electricity, like water and air, has become an indispensable source of energy for human life. Whether it is at home or at work, people are almost inseparable from electricity. Electricity safety has therefore become crucial. As one of the toughest engineering thermoplastic materials, modified PBT (polybutylene terephthalate) is widely used in electronic appliances, home appliances, automobiles and other fields due to its excellent flame retardant and high temperature resistance. Safety of electricity "Guardian".
PBT main application areas
PBT is one of the engineering plastics whose growth rate exceeds the average growth rate of the market. About one-third of it is mainly used in automobile manufacturing, electrical engineering and electronics industries (such as housings, sockets, etc.), as well as general-purpose applications. Compared to other engineering thermoplastics, PBT's annual growth rate is above average, about 7%, making it an economically attractive class of materials. This has also prompted modified plastics producers to technically study the deep development of this material and to control the cost-effectiveness of customers.
1. Structure and performance of PBT
Molecular structure of PBT
The molecular structure of PBT is shown in the figure. It can be seen from the molecular structure that the PBT macromolecule is a linear structure with regular structure, and there are benzene rings and polar ester groups with difficulty in activity in the repeating structural unit, due to the benzene ring and the ester group. A conjugated system is formed to make the molecular rigidity larger, which reduces the flexibility, solubility and water absorption of the molecular chain. The presence of polar ester groups and carbonyl groups increases the intermolecular forces, making the molecules close together and the molecular chain rigid. At high temperatures, the ester group is susceptible to hydrolysis and cleavage, which affects the properties of the polymer. There are also 4 non-polar methylene-(CH2)- in the structural unit, which is 2 more than PET. The flexibility of the molecular chain is increased and the arrangement is more regular. Therefore, the crystallization ability of the material is higher than that of PET, and the crystallization rate is low. Fast and easy to shape.
The solubility parameter of PBT is 10.8 (J/cm3) 1/2, which is close to many plastics, so the range of blending is relatively wide. In addition, the molecular chain end of PBT contains a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group, which is easily chemically reacted with an epoxy group, an acid anhydride, a carboxyl group or a hydroxyl group, and can be better mixed with a toughening agent containing these functional groups during blending, and a toughening agent. The adhesion of the interface is enhanced to achieve a better toughening effect.
PBT resin has excellent mechanical properties, good weather resistance, low hygroscopicity, good electrical insulation, and good optical transparency of amorphous polyester. However, PBT still has some shortcomings, and its notched impact strength is low. Low flame retardancy, low heat distortion temperature, poor dimensional stability at high temperatures, and anisotropy. Combined with the excellent performance of PBT, the modification of PBT has become an important means to expand the scope of PBT use.
2. PBT modification and product application
There are many types of PBT. In practical applications, most PBTs need to be modified to meet the corresponding requirements. The modification of PBT is mainly divided into: flame retardant PBT, glass fiber reinforced flame retardant PBT, glass fiber reinforced PBT, PBT blend alloy. Modified PBT materials are mainly used in electronic and electrical fields such as relay housings and bobbins, lamp housings, sockets, fiber optic connectors, etc. In the automotive manufacturing field, such as junction boxes, ignition system parts, and external door handles.
Here are a few of the main PBT products and requirements:
(1) LED lamp or energy saving lamp housing
In the lighting industry, most of the lamp housings use reinforced flame-retardant PBT materials, which require a transparent or shading surface, a smooth surface, no floating fiber, and a flame retardant 3.2mm or 1.6mm flame retardant V0. High temperature, good yellowing resistance, good mechanical properties and easy processing.
In response to customer needs, Jinhao's lamp housing products are divided into color-enhanced reinforced PBT products (TG15EX, TG25EX, TG30EX, etc.) and blackout PBT products (TGM20EX), of which the shading PBT (TGM20EX) can be customized according to customer requirements. The shading degree reaches 0.8mm and the thickness of the product is opaque. The above two types of products can be used for the outer casing of plastic lighting products and the outer casing of plastic packaging aluminum lighting products, as shown in Figure 2. Among them, the materials used for plastic-coated aluminum lighting products can meet the customer's terminal products at -30 ° C ~ 120 ° C high and low temperature cycle test 200 times ~ 500 times.
LED light housing
(2) Connector
The electronic connector products are mainly made up of 30% glass fiber reinforced flame retardant materials, and also have 15% glass fiber reinforced or non-reinforced flame retardant materials. Jinyu has introduced two materials, TG30EX and TG15EX, for its electronic connector products. Its performance meets the flame retardant rating of 3.2mm or 1.6mmV0. It has high strength and toughness and can withstand multiple insertions and removals. Appearance requires good gloss, no obvious floating fiber, the product is shown in Figure 3.
Connector
(3) Terminals for national power grids
The terminals dedicated to the State Grid are mainly 30% glass fiber reinforced flame retardant materials. Jinluo has developed two corresponding products, namely TG30EX-4U and TG30EX-6U, which meet the material requirements of the national grid for terminal products, namely hot burning. Silk flammability index GWFI 960 ° C, high strength and toughness, the appearance of PANTONE 4U and 6U color.
National power grid dedicated terminals
(4) computer cooling fan
The computer cooling fan has a surface temperature of 130 to 140 ° C, so the material is required to withstand high temperature working conditions for a long time, and the material needs to have high flame retardant performance due to direct contact with the metal coil. In addition, the cooling fan needs to pass a strict dynamic balance test, so the material needs good fluidity and dimensional stability. Jinyu introduces TG30EX, a 30% glass fiber reinforced flame retardant PBT material for cooling fans. The flame retardant grade of this product is 1.6mmV0, which has excellent fluidity and dimensional stability and meets the requirements of high temperature conditions.
Cooling fan
(5) Relay
The coil shaft in the relay generally requires good insulation, high heat resistance, high flame retardancy, high fluidity and high rigidity. Applicable materials are phenolic resin, PBT, PA6, PET. PBT materials have good fluidity, fast crystallization speed and high heat resistance, so they are used for products with small size and complex shape. Jinyu introduced 30% glass fiber reinforced flame retardant PBT material for the coil shaft products in the relay. The grade is TG30WX, the flame retardant can reach 0.35mmV0, and the UL yellow card is available.
Relay
(6) Fiber connector
There are many types of fiber optic connectors. The joint materials are mainly engineering plastics, which are convenient for plugging and unplugging and high installation density, but their size is small, the parts are thin, and the electrical contact is long-term, so the fluidity, toughness and flame retardancy of the product are There are high requirements for dimensional stability. In this regard, Jinhao developed a TG15EX product with high flame retardancy of 1.6mmV0, high toughness and good fluidity. The product obtained is stable in size and can withstand multiple insertions and removals.
Fiber optic connector
(7) Automotive materials
In the field of automobile manufacturing, modified PBT is mainly used in such as automobile bumpers, automobile headlights, automobile transmission gear boxes, motor casings and the like. For example, PBT materials used in automotive headlights are required to have good temperature resistance, good fluidity and easy forming. Jin Hao has launched two TM20E and TM00E products for automotive headlights. TM20E is a mineral-filled PBT/PET. It is suitable for under-coated automotive headlights and mirrors, with high heat resistance, excellent mechanical properties and apparent effects. TM00E is a primer-free PBT, which has good processing performance, high gloss and low precipitation. The injection molded product achieves a high-gloss surface effect without direct vacuum aluminum plating.
Car headlights
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