Brain Rainbow is a latest brain imaging technology that helps scientists understand the functioning of the brain by using fluorescent proteins to light up neurons inside the brain. Although these colorful pictures are like beautiful pictures hanging in a modern art gallery, they are not works of art. In fact, they are just some of the latest technological achievements in the field of neurology.
Free-form: This rainbow map is taken from the brains of experimental rats and shows that the axons that regulate the contraction of certain muscles are scattered.
Neuron subunits found in the retinas of experimental mice: New imaging technology helps neuroscientists understand more principles of brain processing information.
Neuron scaffold. Images of proteins in axons. These nerve axons form fine molecular scaffolds, making the neurons thin and long, scattered throughout the brain. These samples were prepared by staining antibodies with the extraordinary recognition of natural antibodies to specific molecules.
The researchers reportedly implanted mouse brain cells with specially treated fluorescent proteins, which can "light up" neurons, allowing researchers to study how the brain processes information. The technology was named Brain Rainbow, and its creation gave neuroscientists the first opportunity to study a living brain from within. When outside information floods into the brain, Brain Rainbow gives neuroscientists a better understanding of how neural circuits process information.
It is reported that this technology originates from the use of jellyfish fluorescent protein. Scientists have discovered that injecting fluorescent proteins into biological brains can light up cells inside the brain. Neuroscientist Karl Schonavi said in a "human invention" interview: "Green fluorescent protein is found in a green jellyfish, people have been curious why it is green. After years of research, people calculated this green Gene coding for fluorescent proteins. "By using very common genetic engineering techniques, you can implant this gene in any cell of the subject, so that the cells appear green. The most prominent role of green fluorescent protein is applied to the living brains of experimental mice, so that you can study their brains as the experimental mice grow.
Since the first use of green fluorescent protein, scientists have also continued to develop fluorescent proteins of various colors. After these fluorescent proteins are embedded in neurons, individual cells become more prominent in the "jungle".
Schonewig is a PhD student in neuroscience at Columbia University and a well-known science communicator. He explained: "If I want to study X neurons in the Y region of the animal's brain, and I want to know the conditions of these neurons when the animal grows, I only need to embed the fluorescent proteins activated by these genes into the brain cells of the animal. I only need to observe when the animals grow up. In the samples I studied, the brain cells embedded with fluorescent proteins were lit up because they expressed the role of a certain gene. "
Schonewig applied this technology to the brains of experimental rats, trying to study how information passes through the brain, and as his doctoral subject. He said: "Information is transmitted to our brain from the outside through our eyes, limbs, and nose. This information is very primitive unstructured and noisy information, but our brain organizes this information quickly and effortlessly. Get up and keep it organized. The question is, how does the brain work? "
The application of brain rainbow technology has made neuroscientists gradually understand how neural circuits cooperate with each other to process and process external information.
However, the development of brain rainbow is still in the initial stage, just like the invention of the telescope, we can only look at the starry sky with our eyes. Schonewig believes: "We have only touched the tip of the iceberg. There are many interesting and great tools in our brains. These tools operate in their own powerful ways, but we cannot yet explain the reason why these tools work. So we have to work tirelessly. "
Brain Rainbow is only the budding stage of human research on the brain, but scientists like Schonavi have gradually begun to understand the mechanism by which complex neurons work.
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